Agriculture

• Improved agriculture in some high latitude regions (Mendelsohn 2006)
• Increased growing season in Greenland (Nyegaard 2007)
• Increased productivity of sour orange trees (Kimball 2007)

Agriculture

• Decreasing human water supplies, increased fire frequency, ecosystem change and expanded deserts (Solomon 2009)
• Decline in rice yields due to warmer nighttime minimum temperatures (Peng 2004, Tao 2008)
• Increase of Western United States wildfire activity, associated with higher temperatures and earlier spring snowmelt (Westerling 2006)
• Encroachment of shrubs into grasslands, rendering rangeland unsuitable for domestic livestock grazing (Morgan 2007)
• Decreased water supply in the Colorado River Basin (McCabe 2007)
• Decreasing water supply to the Murray-Darling Basin (Cai 2008)

Arctic Melt

• An ice-free Northwest Passage, providing a shipping shortcut between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Kerr 2002, Stroeve 2008)

Arctic Melt

• Loss of 2/3 of the world's polar bear population within 50 years (Amstrup 2007)
• Less compacted ice, hazardous floes and more mobile icebergs posing increased risk to shipping (IICWG 2009)
• Drying of arctic ponds with subsequent damage to ecosystem (Smol 2007)

• Melting of Arctic lakes leading methane bubbling (Walter 2007)
• Leakage of methane from the East Siberian Shelf seabed sediments (Shakhova 2008)
• Escape of methane gas from the seabed along the West Spitsbergen continental margin (Westbrook 2009)

Ocean Acidification

Note: this is not caused by warming temperatures but by the oceans absorbing more carbon dioxide (Dore 2009).

• Oceans uptake of carbon dioxide, moderates future global warming (Orr 2005)

Ocean Acidification

• Substantial negative impacts to marine ecosystems (Orr 2005, Fabry 2008, Kroeker 2010)
• Inhibiting plankton development, disruption of carbon cycle (Turley 2005)
• Increased mortalities of sea urchins (Miles 2007)
• Threat to fish populations (Munday 2010)

Economical

• Increased cod fishing leading to improved Greenland economy (Nyegaard 2007)

Economical

• Economic damage to poorer, low latitude countries (Mendelsohn 2006)
• Billions of dollars of damage to public infrastructure (Larsen 2007)
• Reduced water supply in New Mexico (Hurd 2008)
• Increased risk of conflict (Zhang 2007) including increased risk of civil war in Africa (Burke 2009)
• Drop in primary productivity due to unprecedented warming at Lake Tanganyika (Tierney 2010)