Cowtan et al. (2015)
Also: Cowtan et al. 2015
Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures
Cowtan, K., Hausfather, Z., Hawkins, E., Jacobs, P., Mann, M. E., Miller, S. K., ... & Way, R. G. (2015). Robust comparison of climate models with observations using blended land air and ocean sea surface temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(15), 6526-6534. Link to abstract
DOI 10.1002/2015GL064888
References
All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.