Monckton et al. (2015)
Also: Monckton et al. 2015
Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate model.
Monckton, C., Soon, W. W. H., Legates, D. R., & Briggs, W. M. (2015). Why models run hot: results from an irreducibly simple climate model. Science Bulletin, 60(1), 122-135. Link to PDF
doi: 10.1007/s11434-014-0699-2
References
All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.