Scheffer et al. (2009)
Also: Scheffer et al. 2009
Early-warning signals for critical transitions
Scheffer, M., Bascompte, J., Brock, W.A., Brovkin, V., Carpenter, S.R., Dakos, V., Held, H., van Nes, E.H., Rietkerk, M. & Sugihara, G. (2009). Early-warning signals for critical transitions. Nature. 461(7260),53-59. Article
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08227
References
All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.