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All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.

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Comments 54801 to 54850:

  1. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    Byron @8 I did much the same as you, stopping the video at various points to better focus on some of the details. I also compared it to Figure 2 of Dai's August 5, 2012 Nature Climate Change letter. There are multiple differences between the two calculations, notably Dai has the drought in the US much worse than the GFDL simulation. The Sahel region is the complete opposite for Dai, he shows increased precipitation. Dai also has the southern part of Africa and the northern part of South America much worse off.
  2. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    dana @24 I am afraid the chart you are using is misleading. I downloaded the CO2 data for the same interval as my temperature chart and plotted a linear trendline and the fit is actually pretty good. There is nothing in the actual C02 data that supports an increase to 792PPM of CO2 by 2000, that would be necessary for a 3 degree increase by your own data. CO2 Chart The actual CO2 data, seems quite consistent with 1-2 degrees of warming by 2100 for 3 degrees per doubling.
  3. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    A last question: why were monthly ice charts sufficient back "in the day" to enable (relatively) safe surface navigation in Arctic waters? With today's highly mobile, fractionated and dispersed pack, daily updates are sometimes insufficient. Tolkien drew upon a specific source as inspiration for his Helcaraxë...anyone know what that was? Bueller?
  4. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    SRJ, the other participants have addressed most of this so I will narrow my response to this: You say that the white areas denote no information. While technically true you ignore the context of the charts. As a former (nautical) cartographer (yes, professionally), all mapping products fulfill a singular purpose for which they were specifically designed. The ice charts in question were designed as aids to surface navigation and were compiled from the best available sources at the time. Each month, the originating cartographers produced another version, one for each month of the melt season, year after year. Take the time to look at each month of 1938. Look at other years. Compare the peak melt month (therefore the peak of navigation season), August, of each year to other years (whatthehell, compare any month you want to any same month of another year, but be consistent). What do you see? Variation. The specific months have the ice in red in specific locations with specific condition of the ice specified. But is that the limit of the data contained on each month? No. Compare the white areas. What do you see? The white, "undefined" areas vary, by month and by year. Why do you suppose that is? Those areas were delimited by information, not by guesswork or the conditions of ones entrails. Was it sufficient information to then qualify to be charted in red per the custom? No. But there was information on ice/open sea extent, sufficient to change the portrayals of each month. Whether that information was derived from ships logs, eyewitness testimony or aeroplanes flying overhead is immaterial; they were not derived through clairvoyance. So go ahead, peruse the various months of the various years. Find another ice minimum month which shows ice extent throughout the Arctic anywhere near comparable to that of today. Yes, that's right, I'm inviting you to pick the fake-skeptic's favorite Arctic fruit: iced cherries. Note also that any warming comparable to today's warming would also be causing ice shelf breakups throughout the Canadian Archipelago and Northern Greenland, like that occurring today. If you want a list of papers to hunt through for that evidence, just ask. I'll leave you with this hint, from Polyak et al 2010: "The current reduction in Arctic ice cover started in the late 19th century, consistent with the rapidly warming climate, and became very pronounced over the last three decades. This ice loss appears to be unmatched over at least the last few thousand years and unexplainable by any of the known natural variabilities."
  5. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    SRJ @70, while I appreciate the need for caveats, Daniel Bailey compared the two maps to directly rebut a claim made by John Christy. The deficiencies of the 1938 map are not so great that the comparison does not rebut Christy. It is a common experience here, and at other sites dedicated to the science of global warming for "skeptics" to make comments suggesting caveats are in order, and treating the need for any caveat, no matter how slight, as a complete rebuttal of the evidence they dislike. I am not in any way suggesting that that was your purpose. Never-the-less, given that you felt it necessary to suggest the caveat, I felt it necessary to point out that the caveat did not in any way rebut DB's point. I cannot, for the life of me, see why you would object to it being made clear that denier misrepresentations of sea ice extent are not supported by the evidence.
  6. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    Rob @5, Indeed I was referring to a possibility (unconfirmed) of permanent El Nino in Pliocene-like conditions. My typo, sorry. Jeffrey @7, Why are you bringing the Challenger disaster to the context of droughts and floods increases? Can you quote what exactly Richard Feynmann had said? I vaguely remember that incident as it was 25+ yago.
  7. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    While others have pointed to some of the non-linearity in feedback system, it is worth also noting a couple of things. 1/ At moment, natural systems mop up more than half our emissions but there is doubt that the sinks can continue to do this 2/ Rising temperatures eventually cause natural increases in CH4 and CO2 from sea, tundra, swamps but this is a slow feedback. Fortunately, we can model these rather than just extrapolate temperature trends. The results arent pretty but that is no reason to ignore them.
  8. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    23, Joel, And what if the system isn't so simple? What if the Arctic ice melt happens abruptly (as if that could ever happen), and the subsequent changes to the Arctic profile (absorbing radiation instead of reflecting it) ramps temperatures up in a sudden bump? And then that bump releases methane cathrates and melts permafrost in large quantities, causing another bump? What if the actual system moves in fits and spurts, bumping temperatures abruptly on timescales that a few decades cannot detect? In short, what if the science that suggests 2.4-4 C warming, based on a variety of disparate methods, is correct, and your simple projection based on a short period of observation is completely wrong? What if aerosols, a quiet sun, and a string a La Nina's are coincidentally and randomly holding warming to just 0.14 degrees per decade, but every down has an up, and there will be decades where the sun is hot, El Nino dominates, and China and other countries get their sulfide emissions under control? What if, as we already know, dimming aerosols provide a negative compensation for the radiative effects of CO2, and once those stop counteracting the GHG effect, a greater, fuller effect of CO2 is felt, well beyond 0.14˚/decade? What if the nice, simple, linear warming we've seen in just the first few decades since aerosols were reduced in the seventies is really just a blip in the process, and that when you add in real feedbacks, like the Arctic, things get more messy? And what if, as this year's extreme weather shows, the actual negative effects of even a small change in climate are far more deleterious than you or others expect, and that even "just" a 1.2 to 1.4 (or 2 or 2.5 or 3) degree increase has very, very frightening consequences? I think the problem with lukewarmers is that they are the worst of the deniers. They want to have it both ways, to accept the science but to be "reasonable" and dismiss any part of it which requires actual action. As John F. Kennedy said, “The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who in times of great moral crises maintain their neutrality.”
  9. Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record
    For what it's worth, this is the area east of Scoresbysund, Greenland, lat 70, on Aug 23.
    Moderator Response: [Sph] Image tag and actual URL repaired.
  10. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    As a reminder, there is nothing magic about 2100AD. Some people seem to want to act like "if we can only keep temperature rise to X by 2100, all is well." When the Earth gets to 2100, I'd guess there will still be much warming in the pipeline from the usual lags.
  11. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    Joel, CO2 emissions and concentrations are already accelerating, and have been for decades. You note the rate of increase is now 2 ppm/yr, in the 1980s it was 1.5 ppm/yr, in the 1960s it was 1 ppm/yr. Unless we do something about it, emissions are expected to continue accelerating (see my link @22). The only way 'lukewarmers' are right is if we take major steps to reduce our emissions.
  12. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    dana @21 - Even to support a linear increase in temperature we need to postulate a exponential increase in CO2. If CO2 continues to increase at 2ppm per year, then we the temperature would increase at a rate much less than 0.14 degrees per decade I get for a linear increase. To get a 3 degree increase, then we have to assume that CO2 would actually double between now and 2100. That works out to 4.4 PPM average for the rest of the century, which means that the rate of increase would have to quadruple by the end of the century. The current rate of increase (2000-2012) is about 45% by the end of the century.
  13. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    It's tricky to get a decent handle on overall effect by eyeballing a global graphic showing annual changes in 5 year trends, but I was played it multiple times looking at a number of regions. Others can try the same and see if they had similar perceptions. Europe & North Africa: worst of everywhere. Mega-droughts. This was the most alarming feature of the whole presentation. Europe still produces very significant amounts of global food production and North Africa is experiencing some of the fastest population growth anywhere on the planet. China: mixed, but experienced bands of both wetter and drier than 20thC average. That will hurt when they have already had some pretty brutal floods and droughts that are going to be exceeded. India: Not quite as bad as Europe, but some major browning in regions of very high population density where access to water and groundwater depletion are already *huge* issues. US: Although the SW saw some dark brown, this was not as extreme as I had expected, since I thought the drying of SW US was one of the major climate concerns. Perhaps I've simply gained that impression by looking at too many US-centric analyses. Mexico is pretty dire. Sub-Saharan & southern Africa: Ouch. Pretty severe drying here. Though my memory is that sub-Saharan African rainfall is one of the bits of climate models where there is least agreement. What did others see?
  14. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    MA Rodger - thanks, I had intended to include something about the St Roch in the post but forgot. I'm glad you reminded me.
  15. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    Joel @21 - it appears that you are assuming the warming over the next century will continue at a linear rate, which is not realistic, and doesn't tell us anything about climate sensitivity. As we showed here, actual measurements are consistent with a climate sensitivity of around 3°C for 2xCO2.
  16. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    I think the reason that lukewarmers arguments are strong is because it is consistent with the actual measurements. I went though all major temperature indexes and they indicate a warming rate that will increase the temperature by 1.2 to 1.4 degrees centigrade by the year 2100. Here is my graph. Graph of GISS, HADCRU, RSS and UAH indexes
  17. PopesClimateTheory at 05:06 AM on 30 August 2012
    Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record
    It is the land ice that makes the difference!
  18. PopesClimateTheory at 04:55 AM on 30 August 2012
    Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record
    (-Snip-)
    Moderator Response: [DB] Please note (1) that the topic of this thread is Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record, not PopespersonalClimateTheory and (2) this site's Comments Policy.
  19. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    dana1981 @73 In light of the Christy 1938-43 comments, JMurphy has a very interesting Henry Larsen quote about 1940-42. Larsen had sailed the western Arctic since 1928, including over-wintering up there, so he must rate pretty highly as an expert witness. http://www.skepticalscience.com/StRoch.html
  20. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    Just briefly regarding our rebuttal posts, one of the primary objectives of SkS is to debunk climate myths by seeing what the peer-reviewed scientific literature has to say about them. That's obviously not the only thing we do, for example we also write posts about new peer-reviewed papers, or as in this post the current state of the climate in general, etc. But it is a big part of SkS (see our myths rebuttals database which is the backbone of the site). So I think it's a little weird to criticize SkS for doing what it has always done, rebutting climate myths.
  21. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    I'm reminded of the way Richard Feynmann dissected the Challenger disaster. Specifically, the way NASA calculated the risk of a disaster. The increase in droughts and floods increases the risk that one day most of the world's agriculture will be wiped out simultaneously by either one or the other. Russia/Australia and Pakistan managed that trick just 2 years ago. In time, the disasters will line up, and that will be that.
  22. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    We're working on a very detailed analysis of Christy's claims in the Leake article. Look for a blog post on the subject next week.
  23. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    @Tom Curtis #68: You may want to edit and repost your second point. As written, the second sentence of point #2 just doesn't make sense. Also, I believe you are referring to Dr. John Christy, not "Christie."
  24. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    Another symptom of the increasing tribalism is the high number of rebuttal posts on SKS.
    Or it could be a reflection of the enormous quantity of disinformation spreading through the Interweb and through the mainstream media, which desperately needs to be countered if humans are to reach in anything resembling an eleventh-hour (or more accurately, a thirteen point nineth hour) quorum with which to address the urgency of the problem of human-caused climate change. Of course, this might simply be my tribalistic opinion...
    Moderator Response: [DB] With that, the discursion into off-topic-land is now over. Thanks for taking the tour.
  25. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    Categorizing the increased precipitation, where it occurs, as 'rich get richer' might be inadvertently misleading. Whether that is an apt description would depend on whether the precipitation arrives in forms amenable to food production or not. Obviously, that objection does not apply to 'wet get wetter' (since the two are, on this topic, synonymous, as far as I can see).
  26. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    Tom Curtis I am aware of the context the map were presented in, but at the same time I find it important to point out the limitations of these maps. But what the map actually shows is that there were much more ice in easten greenland in 1938 than 2012 (look at the area west of Iceland). (-snip-)
    Moderator Response: [DB] Please refrain from using terms like "tribes" or "tribalistic". Focus on evidence and facts, not on ideological terms. Off-topic snipped.
  27. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    SRJ - Given the observations indicating ice extent well above anything seen in the last decade, assertions that there were large extents of open water (4M k^2) would require a Jules Verne style Hatteras Island. Verne often had his fictional volcanic islands explode and disappear - claiming giant ice-free areas would require something like that. Not to mention the 1909 Peary expedition, the 1926 flyover of the North Pole by the airship Norge, etc - no giant ice-free areas were seen. In other words, low ice coverage in the early 20th century is strictly fictional. The observed ice extent (shoreline evidence, ship observations, etc) requires that more northern areas have ice - there is no support whatsoever for a "donut" shaped icecap.
  28. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    SRJ @67: 1) The existence of large areas of ocean with less than 15% sea ice inside the boundaries of sea ice extent is unlikely, to say the least. The supposition that data from the 1930s insufficiently constrains sea ice extent is therefore dubious at best. 2) More directly to the point at hand, the map presented was a rebuttal to claims by John Christie that there was evidence which suggested sea ice extent in the 1930s may have been comparable to that in 2012. All your quibble gains in his defense is to indicate that, while the evidence resoundingly rebuts his claim (and hence is misrepresented by him), it does not conclusive disprove the possibility of the 4 million square kilometer region of open water at the Pole in 1938 that would be required for his claim to have merit. (Edited for grammar following comment by John Hartz)
  29. Why Arctic sea ice shouldn't leave anyone cold
    Daniel Bailey @ 62 22:31 PM on 28 August, 2012 These maps were discussed at length at WUWT earlier this year. One commenter noted that the white areas are not observed ice - it is unobserved area assumed to be ice covered. I quote from the legend on the map: "No colour indicates: Ice supposed but no information at hand" So some caution should be applied when comparing these maps with satellitte images
  30. 2012 SkS Weekly Digest #34
    One might think that getting whacked in the knackers would indeed raise that group's awareness but clearly, the impact in their crumbs has not yet been painful enough. Sad to say, when it finally does get painful enough, to the denialati, the rest of us will be *bleedin* profusely....:=(
  31. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    Chriskoz - I'm not familiar with research suggesting a permanent future La Nina state. A permanent El Nino was implied during the Pliocene (around 5-2.5 million years ago) but more recent work indicates otherwise, i.e ENSO existed throughout that time too. The increased precipitation variability (mainly ENSO as you point out) in the simulations is due to increased specific humidity (greater moisture holding capacity) in a warmer atmosphere. This drives greater moisture convergence & divergence - see: 1.Evaluating the rich-get-richer mechanism in tropical precipitation change under global warming - Chou (2009) 2. Does global warming cause intensified interannual hydroclimate variability? - Seager (2011) So a warming climate means greater extremes in precipitation even if La Nina & El Nino don't change much. And if you look at the abstract from Durack (2012)in the post above you'll note that actual trends are double those projected by the climate models.
  32. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    Yeah, Rob - it means certain parties can always dust off Dorothea Mackeller...
  33. Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record
    Kevin - I was referring to the land-based ice, not sea ice. Slightly off-topic I know.
  34. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    The simulations, I guess, include MEI (ENSO index), so it runs under "hopeful" assumption thet ENSO variability is to stay, as opposed to the suggestions that permanent LaNina could potentially develop. However, in the other side (and the other coast), by mid-2050, Perth WA seems to be entering the permanently "red" territory, and even edging "dark brown".
  35. Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record
    Rob: Are you sure? My initial unconsidered reaction is that the loss of sea ice will have the essentially same effect on the earth's moment of inertia as it will on sea levels - i.e. to a first approximation zero. The water released by melting will be needed to fill up the hole left by the ice, so there will be no redistribution. When it comes to Greenland of course you have a point (at least over centennial timescales). (I may be completely wrong though - I've not thought it through properly.)
  36. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    Well spotted Bill. But note that, in the simulation, there are successive years where greater-than-normal rainfall occurs over Australia. Sound familiar?
  37. BEST Results Consistent with Human-Caused Global Warming
    From the standpoint of education, I think the BEST result is great because of the following: BEST: 250 years time span with observed 1.5 degrees C temp increase.Then experimental 40% increase in CO2 since indust revolution,gives C2/C1 = 2^(t1/3) ~ 1.4 gives t1 ~ 1.5 degrees C indeed AND SINCE 1980: Since 1980 from Keeling curve, to present now different C2/C1 ~ 1.2 then C2/C1 = 1.2 = 2^(t2/3) gives t2 ~ 0.75 degrees C a little higher than observed for that time frame but not bad SO two different ranges of time and temperature change pretty consistent with same climate sensitivity of 3 degrees C and you can show a physics trained but "climate physics challenged" audience that climate sensitivity of 3 is a robust experimental result that does not depend on a simulation to be proven. Without Muller and BEST going back 250 years this argument is much less strong.
  38. Will the Wet Get Wetter and the Dry Drier?
    I trust all the Australians kept an eye on the wide, even-browner land? Wet-wetter and dry-drier ain't likely to bring much joy to the southern continent in particular! You know; where we all, um, live?...
  39. Global Warming - A Health Warning
    Old Mole @ 85 claims that there is no record of premature deaths as a result of exposure to O3 in the South Coast Air Quality Management District. Sam Atwood, a spokesman is reported (New Scientist 25 August, 2012) as saying that in 2010, some 5,000 premature deaths occurred as a result of exposure to much reduced levels of O3. It is reasonable to assume that premature deaths were much higher in the past when O3 concentration was higher.
  40. Newcomers, Start Here
    Hi, CuriousD back. Not sure where to post this but as a pretty much still Newbie this is probaly an o.k. place. Just realized: 1. Looked at the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature (BEST) web site and they get 1.5 degrees C increase over 250 years. Then since 40% increase since industrial revolution in CO2 one has C2/C1 = 1.4 = 2^(t1/3) assuming 3 degreeC C.S. Solving, indeed t1 = 1.5 degrees. 2. And from 1980 (Keeling Curve) to present, CO2 increased so that C2/C1 ~ 400/340 = 1.2= 2^(t2/3) Solving, t2 = 0.75 degrees. Neato Mosquito , hey?
    Moderator Response: [DB] The Search function is your friend; using it you would find that a more appropriate thread for BEST discussions would be BEST Results Consistent with Human-Caused Global Warming.
  41. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    In general "lukewarmers" seem to be expecting a myriad of graphs to exhibit strange and unlikely bends, that we'll see a chorus line of knees cocked in a comforting and attractive pose, an artful arrangement of "up" and "down" reversals just where we'd like them most. How likely is that?
  42. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    tmac57 @18 - I agree they're not called out on their economic alarmism often enough, but it's something we at SkS call them out on quite frequently!
  43. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    The 'lukes' and 'deniers' also have their own brand of alarmism that they rarely get called out on,concerning what they describe as "catastrophic" effects on the world wide economy and massive deaths to third world citizens if we turn our backs on petroleum fuels and pursue alternative energy.
  44. Michael Hauber at 11:13 AM on 29 August 2012
    Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    I remember the alarmism of the CFC issue. I remember the alarming impression that even the proposed gradual phase out would see us scared to go out in the sun by about now. This was from a casual reading of local newspapers at the time and without any real detailed investigation of what was being said by reliable sources of scientific information. I also remember other alarming claims that action to combat CFCs would destroy our economy because CFS were in so many things that we take for granted on a day to day basis which would all become more expensive with further positive feedbacks resulting in economic catastrophe. Even our fast food was going to be more expensive as McDonalds used to use a CFC based styrofoam container, and the CFC based alternative would be more expensive. Until they decided to wrap the burgers in paper instead of a plastic box....
  45. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    In reality the "lukewarmers" are disproportionately over-represented, particularly in the mainstream media.
    This is an important point. I would like to see a graph comparing congressional testimony in the U.S. congress by AGW deniers, vs consensus climate scientists,and comparing that to their representative numbers i.e. 3% vs 97%. My guess is that the deniers are very much over represented in their place at the table.
  46. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    Some people, if they are remembered for anything, it will be: persistently, determinedly and loudly wrong about an important topic for which they had little expertise for a meaningful opinion.
  47. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    re: 12 Yes: the Canadian Shield in particular is rocks, with minimal topsoil, because the glaciers moved it down into the US, as far as ~Kansas. Try this for images. This is not farm country.
  48. Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record
    ok just that the GIS seems such a massive shift /loss of weight . I guess "wobble " is not very scientific , i guess there is a word for it Google here i come . thank guys .
  49. Matt Ridley - Wired for Lukewarm Catastrophe
    witsend @12 - we'll have a post on what the future climate might look like, on Thursday I believe. But we're not at a catastrophic point yet, and the idea is to avoid major disruptions to human society and economies. Immediately ending fossil fuel use would do just that. I think we have to be realistic about what we can do, and suggesting an immediate ceasing of all fossil fuel use is not at all realistic.
  50. Arctic sea ice breaks lowest extent on record
    I've always used the website maintained by the Physics Dept, of the University of Bremen for a number of years now.. If you look at the graphs for the Arctic Sea ice extent over time you can see that the 2012 line has simply fallen off a cliff to be colloquial. I initially assumed it would show signs of reverting towards the mean, this simply hasn't happened. No doubt come the Equinox it will reverse direction but at the moment it is way out on its own. try this Link http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de:8084/ssmis/index.html

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