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Comments 72651 to 72700:

72651. Tristan at 05:22 AM on 14 October 2011
       Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project
       I guess I just can't abide the idea of audience appropriate logic, especially when it's under the heading 'intermediate'.
72652. DSL at 04:34 AM on 14 October 2011
       Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project
       Tristan, what is useful about the estimate of opinion of a bunch of non-experts? Tristan: "Assigning the maximum possible denominator to the 32000 and saying 'look how small it is' is almost as bad as saying '32000 is a really big number!'." I agree, but unfortunately the original argument was made, and it has to be addressed, and it has to be addressed with the audience-appropriate logic (as "bad" as it is). The people who accept the "over 31,000" argument (as silly as it is) will be forced to accept the "10 million" number, or else they'll be forced to recognize the silliness of the "over 31,000" argument. Tristan: "What would be far more relevant would be an estimation/examination of the petition's distribution and a discussion about why 32000 signatories isn't of itself, a useful estimate of opinion." Again, would you expect anyone who accepts the "over 31,000" argument to be willing to do or read what you suggest?
72653. Albatross at 04:32 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Dana @99, "However, there's nothing special about the 700 meter mark, either. And the warming of the upper 1500 doesn't appear to have slowed appreciably." Agreed, I do not know why some people are so fixated with the top 700 m of the ocean, especially when we know the oceans are much deeper than that and when we have data down to 2000 m. Dr. Pielke says "With respect to the reported deeper ocean heating, why would this heating recently have become larger?" Not sure whether or not this answers the question. Peter Hogarth has just posted a very neat image of the OHC data for 700-2000 m for different basins. Those data show a notable warming trend in the 700-2000 m OHC since 2000. The data before 1970 are probably not worth much given the sparse coverage back then. Anyways, looks like yet another Hockey Stick to me, but caveat emptor, these data should probably to be considered preliminary. [Source]
72654. NewYorkJ at 04:24 AM on 14 October 2011
       Every Picture Tells A Story
       Minor error: In "Related Links", #1 and #3 are duplicates.
       Response:

       [DB] Fixed (thanks!).

72655. Tristan at 03:55 AM on 14 October 2011
       Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project
       The theoretical maximum number of signatories is almost irrelevant. What would be far more relevant would be an estimation/examination of the petition's distribution and a discussion about why 32000 signatories isn't of itself, a useful estimate of opinion. Explaining the distinction between results from a petition and a survey is also important. I've seen people say 'they're calling 32000 a tiny fraction and then relying on a survey of 3000 individuals?!' Assigning the maximum possible denominator to the 32000 and saying 'look how small it is' is almost as bad as saying '32000 is a really big number!'.
72656. Dikran Marsupial at 03:50 AM on 14 October 2011
       There is no consensus
       Jonathon As I said, there is a concensus, the concensus is on the range of plausible values because at this stage there is insufficient evidence to make a stronger statement given out current state of knowledge. Of course there is no agreement on a specific value for climate sensitivity, nobody is claiming that there is, and indeed it is an unreasonable expectation. However that doesn't mean we can't have a concensus on the spread of plausible values. Note that a spread of plausible values is what we need for impacts studies, so that the distribution of plausible loss properly incorporates our uncertainty regarding climate sensitivity. You need to get away from the idea that we need to know the exact value of climate sensitivity. I note that your comment regarding the Pagani value does not address the question as to whether it is a most probable value or a bound.
72657. DSL at 03:37 AM on 14 October 2011
       Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project
       Tristan: "Too much attention spent focusing on how many people theoretically could have signed it. Saying there are 10M science grads since 1970 isn't any sort of refutation." There's nothing to refute. What argument does the petition make? The only arguments that the petition makes are that "strength is in numbers" (bandwagon) and "undergraduate science degree = universal scientific expert" (false authority). If an audience exists for these arguments, then an analysis of the strength of the arguments is relevant and in order. A useful counter to such moves is the analysis of strength, in this case showing that an impressive number like 31,000 is pretty weak when set against the maximum number who could have signed. The stronger criticism (of the false authority) won't work in this case, because the target audience won't be willing to spend the time to consider the actual authority represented in the 31,000 (or they would have already done it intuitively). It's fairly clear that the 31,000 argument is designed for people who don't have the motivation to even open the cover of climate science basics. To make such an argument is to express a desire to shape the opinion of these people without providing them with the critical context (and the petitioners have been reticent regarding methodology) necessary for making ethical choices. Using the 31,000 argument says a lot more about the integrity of the user than it does about climate science. Reading anything about climate science from the results of the petition says more about the critical ability of the reader than it does about the truth of the petition.
72658. Tristan at 03:34 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       I'd like to echo Tom's sentiment: Dr Pielke, [many policy makers] believe that the flat temperatures between 1998 and 2011 are a result of a cessation of anthropogenic warming, [will you acknowledge] that that flatness is [a temporary result] of natural variability[...]?
72659. Jonathon at 03:31 AM on 14 October 2011
       There is no consensus
       Dikran, Using ranges is a very good way to narrow down uncertainties in many instances. For such a complicated scenario, different methods are used in an attempt to ascertain the most likely value (or range of values). In genetics, significant research has been able to narrow down the genes responsible for specific traits. Initially, there would be no consensus, but as pieces were placed together, a general picture appeared, resulting in an agreement among the scientists involved. At some point, you could say a consensus occurs, because the scientists agree that certain genes are responsible, without nailing down the specifics. The point at which that occurs may be somewhat nebulous. The same could be said for climate science. At what point can we say there is a consensus on climate sensitivity? My conclusion is that the range is still too wide to claim a general agreement. Some have tried to narrow the range, but then lose enough scientists to preclude calling it a consensus. BTW, the Pagani value was determined from paleo measurements, and Hansen and Sato (2011) recently stated that fast climate sensitivity was 3, while equilibrium climate sensitivity was 6. Excluding the Pagani value, with may not e relevant to today anyway, to claim a consensus opinion on the range of climate sensitivity, one would have to choose values from ~1-7! IMO, this does not constitute a consensus.
72660. Hyperactive Hydrologist at 02:53 AM on 14 October 2011
       Greenland ice loss continues to accelerate
       Anne-Marie, Thanks for the link.
72661. dana1981 at 02:40 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Dr. Pielke:

       "The OHC accumulation for the upper 700m since 2003 is positive but small [see http://oceans.pmel.noaa.gov/]. We seem to agree on tha (as does others such as Kevin Trenberth)."

       Yes, I think we're all in agreement that the accumulation in the upper 700 meters has been relatively small, as compared to previous decades. However, there's nothing special about the 700 meter mark, either. And the warming of the upper 1500 doesn't appear to have slowed appreciably.

       "If there is heat accumulating at depth (and I have been discussing this issue at Real Climate, the question is whether we see this transfer of heat downward in the Argo data)."

       I'm not sure that is the question. It's an interesting question whether or not the ARGO network could detect this transfer, but regardless of the answer to this question, the heat at greater depths has been measured. I view your question more in the "interesting" category than "important", necessarily.

       "Regardless, if the heat is actually there, it has important consequences: 1. The use of the global annual average surface temperature to monitor global warming misses a component of this heating. This means the current trends using this metric underestimate global warming, but also make the difference between its trend and that of the lower tropospher even greater."

       I don't follow you here. I agree with the first sentence about the heat in the deeper oceans not being reflected in surface temperatures. But heat going into the deep oceans doesn't impact surface temperatures or the ratio of TLT to surface temperatures.

       "With respect to the reported deeper ocean heating, why would this heating recently have become larger?...If this heat was going to depths for all of the previous years, it increases the magnitude of global warming during those years."

       I don't know - I'm no oceans expert, and I'm sure there will be a lot of research on this subject in the near future, just as there has been more research on OHC in deeper layers. It's an important question.
72662. Tristan at 02:32 AM on 14 October 2011
       Over 31,000 scientists signed the OISM Petition Project
       A few issues with this post: "The IPCC AR4 WG1 report was written and reviewed by approximately 2000 scientists." - needs a link, given rebuttals such as this. Too much attention spent focusing on how many people theoretically could have signed it. Saying there are 10M science grads since 1970 isn't any sort of refutation. Broken link to the 2009 Pew survey.
72663. Albatross at 02:10 AM on 14 October 2011
       The Deep Ocean Warms When Global Surface Temperatures Stall
       Peter @54, Nice graphic! But, "Oh No! Another Hockey Stick"! ;) I recall reading in a new paper that they suspect that there were problems with the data over the Atlantic in the seventies, with an abnormally warm blip being an artifact of data issues. A couple of studies have suggested that the data before 1970 are not of much use due to poor spatial coverage and that is reinforced by church et al's finding that they can only close the seal level budget from the early seventies.
72664. Dikran Marsupial at 02:08 AM on 14 October 2011
       There is no consensus
       Jonathon If say Annan publishes an estimate of climate sensitivity of 3, that does not mean that he thinks Hansen's estimate of 6 (I'll take your word for it that is Hansens most probable value rather than a bound) is implausible, and vice versa. This is not at all unlikely as scientists know that estimates made via different methods, with different sources of uncertainty, will have different results, without that meaning that one s right and the other is wrong. It just means that the plausible range for the true value, given what we actually know, lies somewhere in beteen the two estimates. Thus they would have a concensus opinion that climate sensitivity lies in the range 3-6. As the new estimates are considered, if they are considered plausible (even if not very likely) then the concensus range will increase. The point is that the concensus is on the range of plausible values, not on the individual point estimates. This is actually a good way to narrow down the uncertainty of the estimate of climate sensitivity by performing research that places constraints on climate sensitivity, beyond which they are not plausible (or inconsistent with the observations). I rather suspect that the Pagani value for instance is not a estimate of the most likely value, but an upper bound resulting from some physical constraint. BTW, climate sensitivity is not specific to CO2 radiative forcing, it applies more or less equally to any other forcing.
72665. Dikran Marsupial at 01:44 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Prof. Pielke The set of six steps suggested by sciencebuddies.org seems like very good guidance to me. I don't know how to say this less bluntly, but as far as I can see, you have skipped step four/five in that you are making arguments here based on short term trends without properly testing the statistical significance those trends, or examining the statistical power of the test, before communicating your results. In addition as far as I can see the hypothesis has not been clearly and unambiguously stated in a way in which it can be properly tested, so step three has also recieved less attention than perhaps it should. What exactly is the hypothesis that you seek to support using the post-1998 trends?
72666. pielkesr at 01:35 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Dikran Marsupial - Hypothesis testing involves seeking to refute it. In my post http://pielkeclimatesci.wordpress.com/2010/11/15/hypothesis-testing-a-failure-in-the-2007-ipcc-reports/ I wrote "There has been a development over the last 10-15 years or so in the scientific peer reviewed literature that is short circuiting the scientific method. The scientific method involves developing a hypothesis and then seeking to refute it. If all attempts to discredit the hypothesis fails, we start to accept the proposed theory as being an accurate description of how the real world works. A useful summary of the scientific method is given on the website sciencebuddies.org where they list six steps 1. Ask a Question 2. Do Background Research 3. Construct a Hypothesis 4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment 5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion 6. Communicate Your Results"
72667. Jonathon at 01:33 AM on 14 October 2011
       There is no consensus
       While I agree that there is agreement that CO2 has contributed to the observed warming (i.e. climate sensitivity is greater than zero), I disagree that there is agreement as to the value of the climate sensitivity. Posts made on the other thread claimed that any sensitivity greater than zero was part of a consensus about the climate sensitivity. There is little agreement on the range of climate sensitivity values (the most commonly quoted ranges are 2-4.5, 1.5-4.5, and 1.5-5). With the exception of James Annan, the five scientists I mentioned in my earlier post are all outside this range, and there are others which make claims of even higher and lower values. Sure, Spencer will not agree, but I doubt that Hansen will either. There appears to be a misconception on the other thread that since scientists agree that CO2 has contributed to warming, that there is a consensus as to how much.
72668. Dikran Marsupial at 01:22 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Prof. Pielke wrote "This test is certainly worth doing." I would go further such a test ought to be a necessary pre-condition; it ought to be incumbent on the scientist to be able to state whether the hypothesis has statistically significant support from the data prior to publically putting forward the hypothesis. This is especially true in a contentious issue of public interest, such as climate change.
72669. pielkesr at 01:02 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       dana1981 - With respect to the reported deeper ocean heating, why would this heating recently have become larger? I recognize that the data has become better in recent years, however, the mechanism of heat transfer to depth likely would not have changed that much of time. If this heat was going to depths for all of the previous years, it increases the magnitude of global warming during those years. What is your perspective on this?
72670. pielkesr at 00:57 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Hyperactive Hydrologist - This test is certainly worth doing.
72671. Dikran Marsupial at 00:49 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Hyperactive Hydrologist Breakpoint detection methods are indeed applicable to temperature data, they are used for example in homogenising raw surface statation data to account for issues such as a change of measuring device or moving the site of the station etc. There are a variety of methods for performing a statistical test for the existence of a breakpoint, segmented regression just had a fairly clear Wikipedia page. The important thing is to actually perform some appropriate statistical test rather than relying on judging by eye, which is notoriously unreliable.
       Moderator Response:

       [DB] Dikran, if I'm not mistaken, Tamino explores a method of breakpoint detection here:

       http://tamino.wordpress.com/2010/08/13/changes/

       [Dikran Marsupial] Yes, Taminos article is well worth reading, although the test he uses is a little basic, ideally the test ought to account for the increase in the degrees of freedom of the model, but that is a more subtle issue not needed to make the basic point of letting the data choose the model, rather than unintentionally cherry picking by eye (and performing a significance test).
72672. Hyperactive Hydrologist at 00:39 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Maybe I should have read Dikran Marsupial post @ 90. I think my girlfriend uses a different method, I will have to ask her.
72673. Hyperactive Hydrologist at 00:36 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Prof. Peilke @88, Would it be possible to do a statistical test to determine whether there is a change point in the data. My girlfriend does this with rainfall data, I don't pretend to understand the methodology but it basically detects if there is a change in the data to a new trend or phase. With rainfall these changes can often be partially attributed to teleconnections such as the NAO. I believe it can also be applied to discharge data but I'm not sure whether it would be applicable to temperature data.
72674. Dikran Marsupial at 00:09 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Prof. Pielke wrote: "You split data when you see an obvious breakpoint but do not have a preconceived test of what you are expecting." This is simply incorrect. There are statistical tests for determining whether there is significant evidence for the existence of a breakpoint (e.g. segmented regression, although I personally would probably use a Bayes factor based approach). Seeing an "obvious breakpoint" would be a good reason to perform the test, but it would not be good scientific practice to assert the existence of a breakpoint without first demonstrating that there were statistically significant evidence for that hypothesis (or a physical reason as muoncounter suggests). "You would not split the data if you are examining an hypothesis (i.e. a "weak long term" global warming)." This is also incorrect, whether you split the data or not would depend on the nature of the hypothesis. If the hypothesis were "the climate has warmed more slowly since 1998", for example, it would be difficult to formulate an appropriate statistical test without splitting the data. "Both approaches are appropriate." I certainly agree with that, however regarldless of which approach is taken, it would not be good scientific practice to base an argument on a trend in the absence of statistically signifiant evidence. It is a very bad idea to analyse the data using your eyes only, as I said human beings are very good at seeing patterns in data where they don't actually exist, which is why we have statistics so we can test objectively if our intuitions are reasonable. It is a safety valve that science has found very useful over the years.
72675. Peter Hogarth at 00:04 AM on 14 October 2011
       The Deep Ocean Warms When Global Surface Temperatures Stall
       Hi Rob, just posted this over on the Heat energy post (link Glenn provided). Looking at five year averages of the difference between the 700m heat Ocean content and the 2000m data, (assuming the data is treated consistently and I haven’t messed up) we see a significant increase in this difference in all ocean basins (and also checked for both hemispheres) over the past decade, against a background of continuing global increase in 0 to 2000m heat content. The departure from the very small global 700m to 2000m differences over the 1980 to 2000 period is marked. This would indicate continued and consistent warming of deeper layers during short term changes nearer the surface. Useful for this post I think.
72676. pielkesr at 00:00 AM on 14 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       dana1981 - Regarding "We appreciate your acknowledgment that your blog post claiming that OHC has not increased since 2003 was incorrect. We agree that increase in OHC for the upper 700 meters has slowed in recent years. However, as we discussed in the post above, and Rob P's recent post, and John's post today, heat is also accumulating in the oceans at depths below 700 meters." The OHC accumulation for the upper 700m since 2003 is positive but small [see http://oceans.pmel.noaa.gov/]. We seem to agree on tha (as does others such as Kevin Trenberth). If there is heat accumulating at depth (and I have been discussing this issue at Real Climate, the question is whether we see this transfer of heat downward in the Argo data). Regardless, if the heat is actually there, it has important consequences: 1. The use of the global annual average surface temperature to monitor global warming misses a component of this heating. This means the current trends using this metric underestimate global warming, but also make the difference between its trend and that of the lower tropospher even greater. 2. The reduction of surface ocean heating means that the evaporation of water vapor into the atmosphere would be less. Indeed, in recent years, the water vapor content in the tropsphere does not seem to have been increasing. 3. If there is heat at depth, it is hard to see how it quickly remerge back into the atmosphere in order to affect weather. Thus, the identification of greater heating at depth introduces yet another complexity into the real climate system.
72677. Peter Hogarth at 23:58 PM on 13 October 2011
       The Earth continues to build up heat
       Looking at five year averages of the difference between the 700m heat Ocean content and the 2000m data, (assuming the data is treated consistently and I haven’t messed up) we see a significant increase in this difference in all ocean basins (and also checked for both hemispheres) over the past decade, against a background of continuing global increase in 0 to 2000m heat content. The departure from the very small global 700m to 2000m differences over the 1980 to 2000 period is marked. This would indicate continued and consistent warming of deeper layers during short term changes nearer the surface.
72678. Dikran Marsupial at 23:54 PM on 13 October 2011
       There is no consensus
       Jonathon The individual scientists may not agree on the most likely value of equilibrium climate sensitivity, but that does not mean there is not consensus on the distribution of plausible values for equilibrium climate sensitivity, which is what the IPCC actually presents. The scientists are well aware that there are different ways of estimating climate sensitivity and each will give a different answer, thus there is uncertainty involved, and there is no good reason to think of any of the point estimates as the truth, but instead look how the various estimate constrain the values that can be considered plausible according to what we do know. Of course Spencer won't agree, but that is becuase his estimate of climate senistivity lies outside the range considered plausible by the mainstream consensus view. Note Spencer would have a hard time explaining many paleoclimate events with such a low sensitivity, which is why the concenssu is that a value that ow isn't plausible.
72679. Anne-Marie Blackburn at 23:53 PM on 13 October 2011
       Greenland ice loss continues to accelerate
       Hyperactive Hydrologist I reached the same conclusion when I first read about Konikow's paper. However, as someone pointed out to me, Konikow doesn't take into account the construction of dams in his calculations. Dams offset most of the sea-level increase you would expect following groundwater extraction. This paper by Church probably gives a more comprehensive analysis of the situation.
72680. pielkesr at 23:52 PM on 13 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       muoncounter - You split data when you see an obvious breakpoint but do not have a preconceived test of what you are expecting. You would not split the data if you are examining an hypothesis (i.e. a "weak long term" global warming). Both approaches are appropriate.
72681. pielkesr at 23:48 PM on 13 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Tom Curtis - You write "....they show that intervals at least 17 years are needed to reliably distinguish a weak warming signal (as predicted for climate models in the early 21st century) against background natural variablity?" This "weak" signal is why we need to broaden the metrics we use to assess the role of humans on the climate system. Such a hiatus in global warming was not anticipated by anyone that I am aware of prior to the last few years. Indeed, Jim Hansen specifically said [http://pielkeclimatesci.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/1116592hansen.pdf] "Contrary to the claim of Pielke and Christy, our simulated ocean heat storage (Hansen et al., 2005) agrees closely with the observational analysis of Willis et al. (2004). All matters raised by Pielke and Christy were considered in our analysis and none of them alters our conclusions. The Willis et al. measured heat storage of 0.62 W/m2 refers to the decadal mean for the upper 750 m of the ocean. Our simulated 1993-2003 heat storage rate was 0.6 W/m2 in the upper 750 m of the ocean. The decadal mean planetary energy imbalance, 0.75 W/m2, includes heat storage in the deeper ocean and energy used to melt ice and warm the air and land. 0.85 W/m2 is the imbalance at the end of the decade. Certainly the energy imbalance is less in earlier years, even negative, especially in years following large volcanic eruptions. Our analysis focused on the past decade because: (1) this is the period when it was predicted that, in the absence of a large volcanic eruption, the increasing greenhouse effect would cause the planetary energy imbalance and ocean heat storage to rise above the level of natural variability (Hansen et al., 1997), and (2) improved ocean temperature measurements and precise satellite altimetry yield an uncertainty in the ocean heat storage, ~15% of the observed value, smaller than that of earlier times when unsampled regions of the ocean created larger uncertainty." Also, the issue of El Nino causing a warming signal. This is why in the 1990s, with the 1998 one being an example, it was claimed we would be having more of them. This has not, however, occurred as anticipated. The bottom line, in my view, is that we do not understand the climate system as well as claimed on SkS (and by the IPCC). It does not mean the human role is less important, but that it is more diverse in its forcings, and the natural climate forcings and feedbacks are larger than previously assumed. Judy Curry has very well spoken to this later issue, and if you have not already done so, I recommend you read her view on this on her weblog. Focusing on a "weak long term warming" signal, as the primary focus is not an effective way to present the climate issues to the public and policy communities.
72682. muoncounter at 23:45 PM on 13 October 2011
       Book review: The Inquisition of Climate Science
       Climate Progress nicely covers the censorship of any mention of sea level rise in Texas, including the markup of the chapter written by Anderson with edits. It would be astounding, if it were not happening in Rick Perry's Texas. “We can’t even present a conservative viewpoint” The edits are stunning. For example: the very existence of Galveston Bay is attributed to sea level rise. It is ironic that its future will be strongly regulated by the now-rising sea. A must-read.
72683. Jonathon at 23:29 PM on 13 October 2011
       There is no consensus
       Skywatcher, I disagree that just because a value is not zero, that there is a consensus among all players. Do you really believe that Lindzen, who published that the climate sensitivity is 0.5, Link - 1.1, Spencer - 1.3, Annan - 3, Hansen - 6, and Pagani - 9.4 are all in agreement? This seems odd to me, especially since there are many from this site who constantly argue against Lindzen and Spencer (and anyone else who claims a low climate sensitivity). Do you really believe that they are part of the "consensus" just because their values are nonzero?
72684. Jonathon at 22:54 PM on 13 October 2011
       Greenland ice loss continues to accelerate
       Hyper, Yes, groundwater depletion has been an important factor in SLR, but often ignored in the conversation. Considering that Greenland has contributed 0.28 mm/yr averaged over the past half century (16% of the total), the estimated groundwater depletion over the same time frame (~0.23 mm/yr) is similar. The only larger contributors are mountain glaciers and thermal expansion.
72685. CBDunkerson at 22:10 PM on 13 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Dr. Pielke wrote in #76: "This is why, in my view, you are so vigorously defending the model-predicted linear trend of the global average surface temperature when anyone presents data that conflicts, even if on a short time period." I'm sorry, but what model(s) are we talking about here? I'm not aware of any which are stated to predict a linear trend on short time scales. Obviously, that wouldn't make any sense given that there will inevitably be deviations due to major volcanic eruptions, solar output variation, internal heat transfer, and other such factors. Thus, if we accept that linear trend projections are meant to refer only to the long term outcome then rejecting the idea that short term deviations invalidate the projection is not indicative of an 'agenda', but rather simply awareness of the (long term) intent and adherence to basic statistical analysis.
72686. CBDunkerson at 21:51 PM on 13 October 2011
       The Earth continues to build up heat
       From Peru, my reading of Albatross's article above is that, while Church et al 2011 only includes a 'snapshot' of the change in heat content over time, the research behind that involved tracking the heat content for the entire period... which data they then supplied to Albatross. Thus, the 'original source' for that graph is the short article at the top of this page... though the underlying data is the same that was compiled for Church 2011.
       Response:

       [DB] CBD, Albatross' image links back to that furnished in a comment response by Gavin over at RealClimate.

72687. Hyperactive Hydrologist at 21:36 PM on 13 October 2011
       Greenland ice loss continues to accelerate
       Slightly off topic but I though it might be of interest Contribution of global groundwater depletion since 1900 to sea‐level rise Estimated global groundwater depletion during 1900–2008 totals ∼4,500 km3, equivalent to a sea‐level rise of 12.6 mm (>6% of the total). Furthermore, the rate of groundwater depletion has increased markedly since about 1950, with maximum rates occurring during the most recent period (2000–2008), when it averaged ∼145 km3/yr (equivalent to 0.40 mm/yr of sea‐level rise, or 13% of the reported rate of 3.1 mm/yr during this recent period). Considering groundwater comprises 30% of the total freshwater on the planet, increases in abstraction may have a significant contribution to future sea level rise.
72688. Arkadiusz Semczyszak at 21:01 PM on 13 October 2011
       The Earth continues to build up heat
       Of course we can accept this point of view here (and finish the discussion): “In a recent study (Loeb et al. 2011) Co-Chair Norman Loeb addresses a seemingly contradictory issue with respect to observed interannual variations in net TOA radiation and ocean heat storage raised by Trenberth and Fasullo (2010). On a global annual scale, interannual variations in net TOA radiation and ocean heat storage should be correlated, since oceans serve as the main reservoir for heat added to the Earth-atmosphere system. Wong et al. (2006) showed that these two data sources are in good agreement for 1992–2003. In the ensuing 5 years, however, Trenberth and Fasullo (2010) note that the two diverge from one another. The new paper by Loeb and co-authors uses improved satellite top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation measurements and a new analysis of ocean heat content data to show that while Earth’s energy imbalance and ocean heating rate have exhibited variability consistent with El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), there is no evidence of a decline during the past decade. Satellite observations of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation constrained by recent in situ ocean heat content data indicate that during the past decade Earth has been accumulating energy at the rate 0.52 ±0.43 Wm–2. These results suggest that although Earth’s surface has not warmed significantly during the 2000s, energy is continuing to accumulate in the sub-surface ocean at a rate consistent with anthropogenic radiative forcing.” ... however: I. I would - finally - know “mythical” “study (Loeb et al. 2011)” ... II. Also remind these sentences with von Shuckmann and Le Traon 2011.: “Our results show that GOIs derived from the Argo measurements are ideally suitable to monitor the state of the global ocean, especially after November 2007, i.e. when Argo sampling was 100% complete. They also show that there is significant interannual global variability at global scale, especially for global OFC. Before the end of 2007, error bars are too large to deliver robust short-term trends of GOIs and thus an interpretation in terms of long-term climate signals are still questionable, especially since uncertainties due to interannual fluctuations are not included in our error estimation.” “Uncertainty estimations due to the data handling reveal that this increase is significant during the years 2005–2010 (this does not mean, of course, that these are long term trends).” 2007 years ... - When was that? 10 - 20 - 30 years ago? The (possible) " error bars" interesting writes (and discuss) R. Spencer.
       Response:

       [DB] Perhaps it's the language barrier, but your extensive quotations lack a summary conclusion by you.  You are not making any point that makes any sense.

72689. Stevo at 16:52 PM on 13 October 2011
       Every Picture Tells A Story
       Nice resource, Daniel. I spent some rewarding time at the Earth Observatory site.
72690. From Peru at 16:27 PM on 13 October 2011
       The Earth continues to build up heat
       Yes Glenn, that graph is great. If only Albatross give us the reference (and if possible, the link) to the paper from which it was extracted... ... Title of the paper - authors - date of the paper N.B: The title is the most important reference to find the paper on an internet search.
72691. scaddenp at 15:09 PM on 13 October 2011
       Understanding climate denial
       But its not. Lindzen is saying "most likely" <2 from memory. IPCC review concluded sensitivity "most likely" 3, and between 2 and 4. Furthermore, this estimate is backed by several different estimation methods. Estimates lower than 2 depend on hope.
72692. Rob Painting at 14:23 PM on 13 October 2011
       The Deep Ocean Warms When Global Surface Temperatures Stall
       Aware of that thanks Glenn, I was involved in the discussion at Real Climate when Gavin Schmidt posted the graph. Just affirms what the data from the 700mtr and 1500 mtr ocean depth observations were suggesting. I might e-mail a few scientists and find out if there's any studies on this in the pipeline.
72693. dana1981 at 14:23 PM on 13 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Moving on to point #3: 3) We appreciate your acknowledgment that your blog post claiming that OHC has not increased since 2003 was incorrect. We agree that increase in OHC for the upper 700 meters has slowed in recent years. However, as we discussed in the post above, and Rob P's recent post, and John's post today, heat is also accumulating in the oceans at depths below 700 meters. Hansen et al. (2011) note that

       "The inferred planetary energy imbalance, 0.59 ± 0.15 W/m2 during the 6-year period 2005-2010, confirms the dominant role of the human-made greenhouse effect in driving global climate change."

       See their Figure 10, which uses ARGO data to 1500 meters: We do not agree with recommending OHC as the primary metric to monitor global warming. Firstly, the OHC data is sparser and younger than surface temperature measurements, and deep ocean data is lacking. Hansen et al. estimate that only ~55% of the global energy imbalance between 2005 and 2010 went into the upper 700 meters, and ~70% into the upper 1500 meters of ocean. Thus relying exclusively on ARGO data would result in neglecting 30 to 45% of the global energy imbalance over this period. Additionally, as we have repeatedly noted, we do not endorse or understand the need or the logic behind adoption of any single metric as 'the primary assessment tool' to monitor global warming. Arguably, the climate system of the Earth is as complex as the human body, yet we don't expect any single metric to indicate the health status of the body. It's critical to take all metrics and lines of evidence into account.
72694. Glenn Tamblyn at 14:02 PM on 13 October 2011
       The Deep Ocean Warms When Global Surface Temperatures Stall
       David, Rob, Skywatcher. Take a look at a graph Albatross just posted on this thread. The sooner this data appears in a papoer the better.
72695. Composer99 at 13:51 PM on 13 October 2011
       Understanding climate denial
       Jonathon: skywatcher has attempted to move the discussion on consensus to the appropriate thread. Might I suggest you re-post your comment there and continue the conversation on consensus where it is on topic?
       Response:

       [DB] Yes, by all means, the discussion on consensus should go there.

72696. Rob Painting at 13:42 PM on 13 October 2011
       Greenland ice loss continues to accelerate
       Adrain Smits @31 - "Hasn't anyone looked at sea level rise for the last 3 years?" See comments 21 & 30. Links are provided there. And note the large short-term exchange of water mass in the pic below, which affects sea level. Adrian Smits -"......or the ocean is not warming" I think you've been here long enough to navigate your way around this site. Further attempts to derail this thread will be deleted.
72697. Jonathon at 13:38 PM on 13 October 2011
       Understanding climate denial
       If that is the right question Bibliovermis, then yes. Therefore, everyone from SKS, myself, and other scientists like Roger Pielke Sr. and Richard Lindzen all agree with the consensus about AGW. Interesting perspective.
72698. muoncounter at 13:25 PM on 13 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       pielkesr#81: I cited the source of the graph in #78, which was the same source as used here. Wouldn't splitting the linear regression at 2002 require some physical justification for so doing? Or is it just to get 'a better fit'?
72699. Glenn Tamblyn at 13:25 PM on 13 October 2011
       The Earth continues to build up heat
       Put Albatross's graph from NOAA @3 together with Rob Painting's post on Meehl (2011) and you have a thing of beauty. As the Skeptics keep asking, 'why did the Earth stop warming over the last decade?'. Answer. It Didn't, it just went deeper. And even during the deep solar minimum a couple of years back, it still kept warming. That graph needs to be disseminated widely!!
72700. Tom Curtis at 13:21 PM on 13 October 2011
       Pielke Sr. and SkS Disagreements and Open Questions
       Dr Pielke @75, 1) The comments on your blog where made in a critique of Santer et al, 2011. They discuss detecting the signal of human effects on tropospheric temperature, and conclude (from their abstract):

       "A single decade of observational TLT data is therefore inadequate for identifying a slowly evolving anthropogenic warming signal. Our results show that temperature records of at least 17 years in length are required for identifying human effects on global-mean tropospheric temperature."

       Therefore, for their purposes, and by extension for the purposes of this discussion, the change in tropospheric temperatures due to human influences are the signal, while changes due to natural variability are noise. If we where studying the effect of ENSO on global temperatures, then the anthropogenic warming and solar and volcanic influences would be noise, and ENSO related variability would be signal. But we are not. 2) Nobody that I know of says the linear trend of the data between 1998 and 2011 exlcusive, or 2004 and 2011 exclusive is not flat. What is disputed is whether that flatness is because the anthropogenic warming (signal) has ceased or significantly reduced; or because those intervals coincide with particularly strong natural variations which obscure the anthropogenic signal. Given that is the core issue, IMO at least, would you be so kind as to clearly state whether you think the flatness in the temperature trend between those intervals is due to a reduction of the anthropogenic warming (signal) or due to coincidence with strong natural variations (noise)? If the former, would you also state what relevance the flatness has to Santer et al, 2011 beyond the fact that they show that intervals at least 17 years are needed to reliably distinguish a weak warming signal (as predicted for climate models in the early 21st century) against background natural variablity? Frankly, I can see none! 3) Given that we know that El Nino's introduce a strong warming effect, and La Nina's a strong cooling effect to global temperatures, and given that Santer et al, 2011 where discussing detection of an anthropogenic warming signal, can you explain the appropriateness of choosing as a start date the year with one of the three strongest El Nino's in 136 years of records (1998) (SOI) and ending with one of the strongest La Nina's over the same period and the second weakest solar minimum in over a hundred years. Does not such a choice of start and end date maximize the influence of natural variability on the data, and thereby minimize the ability to detect the anthropogenic trend in the signal? Given that a very large number of people, including politicians in control of our policy response to climate change, believe that the flat temperatures between 1998 and 2011 are a result of a cessation of anthropogenic warming, do you not wish to correct the record and firmly indicate that that flatness is only the consequence of natural variability and in no way indicates that we can afford to not respond to climate change?

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