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All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.
A composite of all the major global temperature records going back to 1890 (the satellite records only begin in the late 20th century). The datasets are the surface temperature measurements of NASA GISS, HadCRUT, and NOAA, plus the satellite measurements of lower atmosphere temperature by RSS and UAH. The datasets were compiled by Kelly O'Day and standardized by Benjamin Franz using the 1980-2010 average temperatures from each dataset, and the data are available in a single spreadsheet from here.