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All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.

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Comments 41851 to 41900:

  1. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    DSL @21,

    The link you have is to a REAL Climate graph that shows 95% of model runs.  It is not a 5 - 95% confidence graph.  There is a difference.

  2. Models are unreliable

    @ Scaddenp,

    Of course, but I thought climate sensitivity can be considered constant for small changes in temp. ∆T = k * 5.35*ln (C/C0), where k is climate sensitivity. I graphed 5.35*ln(C/C0) and it looks approximately linear in the range for C: (275 ppm, 550 ppm) and C0=275ppm. Is climate sensitivity not supposed to be considered constant even for small changes in temp?Thanks.

  3. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Engineer -- The models of probability allow us to accurately calculate the chances of a blackjack player winning given a certain dealt hand and dealer card showing, given a particular playing strategy.  Averaged over many random hands, this gives the long-run payoff of that strategy, as well as upper and lower bounds on what the player can expect to experience over a given number of hands.  However, the models cannot predict WHICH cards will be dealt nor whether the player will win any given hand.  Does that mean that the models are wrong or inaccurate, or unfalsifiable?  No!  It's just that shuffling the deck produces randomness that no model can possibly predict, and predicting what specific cards will be dealt is not the purpose of the model in the first place.  Players that employ strategies that such models identify as having the highest payoff will, in the long run, do better than players using other strategies, even though they may will experience runs of losses and other players may will experience runs of wins.

    A chaotic natural oscillation such as ENSO acts like a shuffling mechanism, preventing short-term prediction of particular years' conditions (without advance knowledge of ENSO behavior, volcanic eruptions, etc.), but allowing projections about the long-term trend as well as conditional predictions (e.g., if 2014 has a strong El Nino influence, mean surface temp is predicted to be higher than otherwise, given no volcanic eruption).  The truly impressive accuracy of recent model hindcasts that are constrained to reproduce past ENSO behavior (which are analogous to predicting the winner of blackjack hands after you know the dealt and showing cards) point to the conditional accuracy of the models and lend confidence to their skill, despite their inability to predict short term randomness.

  4. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Engineer, a prediction is understood to be a single best estimate.  Climate models don't produce single predictions.  You can average all model runs and get the ensemble mean, but the line will not be representative of the science.  The variables involved have high-likelihood ranges based on existing research.  The result is a projected outcome range, not a single line of prediction.  A single line of prediction would be absurd given the complexity of the system.  

  5. Dikran Marsupial at 05:01 AM on 2 October 2013
    IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Engineer, you are missing the point "IF X, then Y", notice the "IF".  That is the difference between a prediction and a projection, the accuracy of the Y is contingent on the accuracy of the scenario X.  Please dial the tone back a bit and try to see the value in the contents of the posts to which you are replying, rather than merely trying to refute them.  Projections fit Poppers prescription for what is and what isn't science perfectly well (please let's not get into a discussion of philosophy of science, we have all been there done that, and oddly enough the scientists that make the projections are quite familiar with it).

  6. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    "This is why climate modelers don't make predictions; they make projections, which say in scenario 'x', the climate will change in 'y' fashion."

    Wait what? It doesn't matter what you call it, predictions or projections. The fact is that scientific models are supposed to accurately predict natural phenomenon: as you stated given x, the outcome will be y. Besides, if a model doesn't make predictions then it's not scientific because it's not falsifiable.

  7. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Frank, I'll re-post the link I included in the last post: link (hint: click on it). CMIP3, GISS (better coverage), 95%.

  8. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    franklefkin - I would suggest you look at the draft report itself, where Figure 1.4 is clearly labeled: 

    For the AR4 results are presented as single model runs of the CMIP3 ensemble for the historical period from 1950 to 2000 (light grey lines) and for three scenarios (A2, A1B and B1) from 2001 to 2035. (emphasis added)

  9. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    DSL,

    Its a 90% confidence range, and it depends on the data source for the observations. 

     

    separate question, CMIP3or5?

  10. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Franklefkin: "The message is, no they haven't done better than I think!"

    Frank, is observed GMST still within the 95% confidence range of the CMIP3 ensemble? Yes or no?

  11. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Memo to deniers:

    Your attempts to argue that the accuracy of GCMs undermines the entire body of scientific evidence about climate change is a "Dog that won't hunt!" 

  12. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Franklefkin @14,

    Don't believe everything that you think.

  13. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    As expected the fake skeptics are now trying to undermine the models by suggesting that they are a cornerstone of climate science (they recycle this myth frequently).  Climate science and theoretical models of how much warming will result from a doubling of CO2 (an arbitrary value, because we will far exceed a doubling of CO2 if fake skeptics get their way) have existed long before the first comuter climate models.

    The obvious caveat is, of course, that no model is perfect.  Yet models are valuable tools for not only objectively quantifying future climate states, but also for learning more about the workings of our climate system.

    The  figure below is from the fifth assessment (AR5) report (Fig. TS.9a).  As a similar figure above shown by Dana (also from AR5) the models so an uncanny job of simulating the variability of the climate system, but only when one includes anthropogenic forcings in addition to natural forcings.

    The other mistake that fake skeptics make is that they insist on comparing temperature trends (or sea-ice trends or ocean heat content trends) over periods of time that are way too short to have any statistical significance or meaning. They do this in a desperate attempt to undermine the models' credibility.  However, it is well established that one of the areas that climate models are not good at is replicating the marked interannual variability because of ENSO, aerosols etc, or short-term variability (~<10 years).  So they are making a straw man argument.

    To illustrate, the Figure below (Box TS.3, Fig.1 from AR5) shows that between 1984 and 1998 the models as a whole were running to cool.  In contrast, between 1998 and 2012 the models as a whole have been running too warm.  But when one considers a longer period of time (say 1951 though 2012) or even 1979 through 2012 (as one should do), the models do a remarkably good job when compared with observations. The goal here is the long term outlook on a centennial scale.

    That clearly indicates that the models are much better than fake skeptics would try and trick people into believeing.

  14. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    DSL,

    So what message are you fishing for?

    The article is titled "

    IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    "

    The message is, no they haven't done better than I think!

  15. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    What I keep asking people who castigate the models is if they're expecting surface temps to follow the model mean.  If so, then they're missing something very fundamental about climate modeling.

    Models are never going to be able to predict short term surface temperature trends.  That's just a fact.  You have to get it into your head that climate modeling is a "boundary conditions problem."  It's not about predicting the short term trend.  Climate modeling is about estimating the boundaries we expect surface temps to fall for given forcing scenarios.

  16. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    franklefkin, we can play with short-term trends all day long.  What's the trend for 1974-2008?  0.192C per decade, just about where it's expected.  The trend from 2008 to present is flat.  So what?  There are at least three similar periods between 1974 and 2008.  Didn't matter much for the overall trend, did it?

    It seems like you're digging for approval for a specific message rather than trying to get a better understanding of the science.  A period of flatness in the surface trend means what, exactly?  Global warming has stopped?  Not in the slightest.  Global energy storage continues as projected.  

    So what message are you fishing for?  General circulation models suck at projecting short-term GMST trends?  Duh.  General circulation models suck at projecting long-term GMST trend?  Show me.  Given everywhere the long-term trend could have reasonably gone (setting aside physics), CMIP3/5 modeling has done a remarkable job of confirming the strength of human-induced warming.  

    What do you think will happen when the next El Nino pops?  We just had the warmest ENSO-neutral June on record.  August was close.  September, if the dailies are any indication, is going to set a record for ENSO-netural conditions.  Ocean heat content has put the pedal to the metal in the last six months.  PDO is also negative and has been since 2008. Solar, despite climbing toward the cycle peak, is also weak and has been for the last six years.

    Yah, natural variation is putting a damper on things.  No reason to rejoice, though.  And certainly no basis for claiming that "global warming has stopped" or even paused.  Surface warming has been weak since 2008.

  17. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Tom C & Dana1981,

    So, right now surface temps are lower than predicted a few years ago.  So if we compare in another 15 years, predictions from say 2003, you are saying that those predictions should be lowered because actual temps are lower now.  <-snip->  The predictions are what they are.  Consider what was said in the AR4:

    "

    Since IPCC’s fi rst report in 1990, assessed projections

    have suggested global average temperature increases

    between about 0.15°C and 0.3°C per decade for 1990 to

    2005. This can now be compared with observed values

    of about 0.2°C per decade, strengthening confi dence in

    near-term projections. {1.2, 3.2}

    "

    (from AR4 SPM pg 12)

    In the Article above, DANA1981 quotes a fiqure of

    "within the range of model projections of about 0.10 to 0.35°C per decade. As the IPCC notes,"

    The AR4 report clearly states that the lower end is 0.15 per decade.  Regardless of where the baseline occurs, observations are at the very lower limit of predictions.

     

    The report goes on to state "

    Best-estimate projections from models indicate

    that decadal average warming over each inhabited

    continent by 2030 is insensitive to the choice among

    SRES scenarios and is very likely to be at least twice

    as large as the corresponding model-estimated natural

    variability during the 20th century"

    (also from pg 12)

    So unless natural variability has suddenly spiked, natural variability cannot be the reason for the models' over estimate of warming.

     

    Moderator Response:

    [RH]  Dial it down just a little.

  18. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Andrew @8 - I addressed the Christy/Spencer TMT graph here (see Stage 2).

  19. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Bob @3 - McIntyre adds nothing of value whatsoever.  His post is basically "I don't understand why the data shifted up."  Ever heard of proper baselining?  Just goes to show that Tamino is 10 times the statistician McIntyre is, as Tamino figured this out 10 months ago.  Also, if you're confused about the proper baselining, then compare the trends!  It's easy for a graph to be visually misleading, but the trends don't lie.  I literally see nothing of value in McIntyre's post.

    franklefkin @4 - as I noted, the fact that climate models don't accurately predict ocean cycles in the short-term is not particularly relevant.  We're not especially concerned about climate change in 2020, we're concerned about climate change in 2050 and beyond.

  20. Andrew Mclaren at 00:20 AM on 2 October 2013
    IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    I'm seeing a lot of contrarians using the old Spencer/Christy "hunt for the fugitive TMT hot spot" cherry-picked graph comparing 20N to 20S latitude band satellite/balloon readings to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) ensemble. This is then implied to challenge the global extents of the models... as stated in the following article:

    http://opinion.financialpost.com/2013/09/27/nota-bene-climate-models-vs-actual-climate/

    Spencer's original is at his site:

    http://www.drroyspencer.com/wp-content/uploads/CMIP5-73-models-vs-obs-20N-20S-MT-5-yr-means1.png

    Of course all this conveniently does away with the amplified warming at higher latitudes which all global models must account for. I was initially skeptical about the integrity Spencer's original since it indicates the (dotted line) Mean calculation "Mean USA" which I'd assumed meant data that had nothing to do with equatorial latitudes, but I guess having looked at another citation at Watts' site that was supposed to indicate "US based research". Still, a nasty cherry pick considering how it is being used for exaggerated claims of "none of the models work".

    I recognize the TMT hot spot as something of a red herring, as it really seems to be more of a potentially amplified heat capacity at altitude, than uniformly warmed atmospheric layer. It's not the subject of this thread per se, but certain bloggers etc. do seem to be milking this hunt-for the-nonexistent-'signature' for all its worth (which is not a lot) and more.

    Thanks for presenting more accurate information here. I'd like to see the missattribution of Spencer's work in the contrarian media, better shown up for what it is.

  21. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    fretslider - Astounding. You make claims of data distortion by linking to a figure that has in fact been airbrushed and reworked to remove critical data. 

    Even with the incorrect 1990 baselining, the draft figure 1.4 (seen here) includes a light grey region that shows the range of model variations and the uncertainties in temperature measurements, the expected range around model means due to natural variation. Observations are well within those bounds. McIntyre's reworked figure that you point to above lacks the range of model variations, showing only the range of model ensemble means - see denial tactic #2 in the opening post. 

    That reworked McIntyre figure (along with other 'skeptics' like Patrick Michaels in Forbes, who edited the figure captioning and falsely claimed: "The very large grey zone is irrelevant to the forecasts that were made") is a clear distortion. I would go so far as to say it is a demonstrable lie about the science on McIntyre's part. Don't be fooled. 

  22. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    @fretslider: Your comment was deleted because it is sloganneing. Please read the SkS Comment Policy and adhere it.

  23. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    franklefkin @4, of course it shows a bias.  It shows a massive bias that results from a carefully selected start point for observations at one of the largest El Nino's on record.  You fail to show that their is any additional bias beyond that in the cherry picked start point, something you need to do before concluding that the models show a bias.  

  24. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Bottom line however, the models have not done an adequate job, which even the IPCC admits:

     

    Box 9.2: Climate Models and the Hiatus in Global-Mean Surface Warming of the Past 15 Years

    The observed global-mean surface temperature (GMST) has shown a much smaller increasing linear trend over the past 15 years than over the past 30 to 60 years (Section 2.4.3, Figure 2.20, Table 2.7; Figure 9.8; Box 9.2 Box 9.2 Figure 1a,c). Depending on the observational data set, the GMST trend over 1998–2012 is estimated to be around one-third to one-half of the trend over 1951–2012 (Section 2.4.3, Table 2.7; Box 9.2 Figure 1a,c). For example, in HadCRUT4 the trend is 0.04 ºC per decade over 1998–2012, compared to 0.11 ºC per decade over 1951–2012. The reduction in observed GMST trend is most marked in Northern- Hemisphere winter (Section 2.4.3, (Cohen et al., 2012)). Even with this “hiatus” in GMST trend, the decade of the 2000s has been the warmest in the instrumental record of GMST (Section 2.4.3, Figure 2.19).

    Nevertheless, the occurrence of the hiatus in GMST trend during the past 15 years raises the two related questions of what has caused it and whether climate models are able to reproduce it. Figure 9.8 demonstrates that 15-year-long hiatus periods are common in both the observed and CMIP5 historical GMST time series (see also Section 2.4.3, Figure 2.20; (Easterling and Wehner, 2009), (Liebmann et al., 2010)). However, an analysis of the full suite of CMIP5 historical simulations (augmented for the period 2006–2012 by RCP4.5 simulations, Section 9.3.2) reveals that 111 out of 114 realisations show a GMST trend over 1998–2012 that is higher than the entire HadCRUT4 trend ensemble (Box 9.2 Figure 1a; CMIP5 ensemble-mean trend is 0.21 ºC per decade).

    Being on the high side 114 out of 117 times is indicative of a bias.

    Moderator Response:

    [DB] It is customary to provide a link to the source when quoting.

  25. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Dana, you should really take a look at this.

    http://climateaudit.org/2013/09/30/ipcc-disappears-the-discrepancy/

  26. IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    Excellent article Dana.  It seems so many people fall into the trap of thinking that the temperatures should doggedly trail the inexorable rise of the multi-model mean, failing to realise that every individual model run rises and falls around that line. 

    I can't see if you link to it above (very probably you do), but for readers I might highlight Foster and Rahmstorf 2011 which elegantly showed what happens when you remove exogenous factors - you end up with the underlying warming signal, still continuing unabated through the past decade.  The Kosaka paper you discussed recently shows how including some of that variability leads to an excellent modelling of surface temperatures including the recent surface temp 'slowdown'.  And yet deniers still claim the change in surface temperatures is unexpected or represents a model 'failure'...

    Keep up the superb work!

  27. Matt Fitzpatrick at 17:11 PM on 1 October 2013
    IPCC model global warming projections have done much better than you think

    I've also been seeing a little bit of a #4) Curve fitting exercises purporting to have better predictive power than IPCC model forecasts based solely on short-term hindcasts with arbitrary parameters. Not many stoop that low to make the IPCC's models look bad, but some do.

  28. Models are unreliable

    Engineer, the issue is estimating climate sensitivity is non-linear feedbacks. Decreasing ice and increasing methane emissions would be two examples. Models attempt to build these influences in whereas linear extrapolation does not. 

  29. Models are unreliable

    "Climate trends are weather, averaged out over time - usually 30 years. Trends are important because they eliminate - or "smooth out" - single events that may be extreme, but quite rare."

    So if we look at the past 30 years we should get the climate trend. According to skepticalscience's trend calculator from 1983 to 2013 the earth's temp has increased by 0.17 C per decade (GISTEMP moving average 12 months). Since CO2 has risen at about a linear rate since 1980 (according to: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/), is it reasonable to predict a best guess rise of 1.7C from decades (1990 - 2000) to (2090 - 2100)? This would point to the low scenario from IPCC 2007, which has a best guess of 1.8C.

  30. Understanding the pre-IPCC Anti-Climate Science Misinformation Blitz

    @rockytom #49:

    As long as the fossil fuel industry exists, Deniersville will exist.  

  31. Understanding the pre-IPCC Anti-Climate Science Misinformation Blitz

    I guess the deniers couldn't find any emails to steal! They do become more strident as their numbers decline.

  32. Public talk explaining our consensus paper & answering critics

    The Monckton quote comes from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZSPOawk698 - around the 2:30 minute mark.

  33. Public talk explaining our consensus paper & answering critics

    Can you please give the provenance of the Monckton quote?

  34. 16  ^  more years of global warming

    The video in the post is "private". A mistake?

  35. Latest myth from the Mail on Sunday on Arctic ice

    The Mail on Sunday's "retraction" yesterday didn't amount to the proverbial hill of beans, so here's our latest report deconstructing the recent "Shock news!" about "And now it’s global COOLING!":

    http://GreatWhiteCon.info/2013/09/santas-secret-summer-swim/

  36. Why is the IPCC AR5 so much more confident in human-caused global warming?
    I'm not sure about the usefulness of the RPCs as they all seem to assume economic growth continuing to the end of the century. That seems like an awfully large assumption given resource depletion and environmental deterioration (not to mention debt levels). However, I suppose the people they are targetting all make the same assumption so maybe it's useful as a way of engaging the unengagable.
  37. Models are unreliable

    Further to Zwiers. Any good scientist is a skeptic - a real one. Fake skeptics are only skeptical about things they disagree with and will swallow any kind of junk uncritically if it supports their notions.

  38. Models are unreliable

    tcflood "wouldn't the effect be to remove the ENSO effects thereby insuring some departures of observation from the models when real ENSOs would occur? "

    Essentially true. See for instance the graph here. Forcing ENSO in model to match what happens is somewhat like Kosaka and Xie did. See discussion here.

    Comment from Mike at RC on Zwiers.

    "[Response: Francis is a top-rate scientist of the highest integrity. I strongly suspect that he has been misquoted and mischaracterized quite a bit lately. -mike]

  39. Secretary of State Kerry and Senator Boxer Remark on the IPCC Report

    It's been interesting to see some of the reader comments on sites like the UK Guardian and PBS Newshour. The climate denier trolls seem to be out in full force. But none of them appears to have actually read the Summary Report for Policymakers. As an American I am embarrassed that someone as ignorant about science as Lamar Smith chairs the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology.

  40. Models are unreliable

    @jsmith.  Thanks for the response. I read somewhere that many of the GCMs actually do produce ENSO episodes but that the timing of their appearance (as in nature) is chaotic. If modeling results are reported as an average of many models, wouldn't the effect be to remove the ENSO effects thereby insuring some departures of observation from the models when real ENSOs would occur? So, hypothetically, if there were some way to trigger an episode at the same time in all the models, the match between models and observation might be much improved. I don't pose this as a realistic modeling strategy, but rather as an accurate and effective counterargument to this common cavil in the denier echo chamber?  

    Also, the denier rant that called my attention to the above-cited paper said Zwiers is a vice chair of the IPCC. I infer from your comment that he is nonetheless a skeptic. The paper certainly reads like he is.   

     

  41. Secretary of State Kerry and Senator Boxer Remark on the IPCC Report

    The BBC carried a series of comments from notable figures including leading UK politicians, environmentalists and scientists (with a few in denial).

    Moderator Response:

    [JH] Thank you.

  42. The Pacific Ocean fills in another piece of the global warming puzzle, and puzzles Curry

    I wanted to chime in with my own SOI analysis inspired by Kevin C and Icarus.

    Plot of SOI variability
    I took a monotonic warming and laid the scaled SOI on top of it, comparing to the GISS temperature record. Then I added in the major volcanic disturbances using the BEST data. The lower panel is the SOI-corrected signal, which shows no evidence of a pause.

    Since the SOI reverts to the mean, it is virtually impossible for the pause to continue considering its past historical trend.

  43. Secretary of State Kerry and Senator Boxer Remark on the IPCC Report

    William@12

    No. Kerry was never a member of the GOP or Republican Party. His first campaign for national office was in 1972. He ran as a Democrat and lost to Paul W. Cronin, the Republican candidate.

    You may be thinking of Robert Gates, President Obama's first Secretary of Defense, a hold-over from the Bush presidency.

  44. Understanding the pre-IPCC Anti-Climate Science Misinformation Blitz

    @RobertF #45. (On-topic) Because `a sub-beginner`, `denier friend` and  `What am I missing?` I suggest tentatively you might be missing `the big picture`. I started 6 months ago (I had assumed it was a simple, boring slam-dunk in prior years) with a few hours of getting physical quantities - sun, earth`s ecosystem, mostly oceans of course with 97.3% of all the ecosystem heat being there and the other 2.5% being water that`ll return to oceans one day, then fossil fuel reserves & consumption weights & measures. I concluded `global warming` is heat entering the oceans, it cannot be anything else. Surface & air temperatures are important to us, a fairish proxy and needed to rise eventually to stop the global warming. So, the actual question is how many ZettaJoules of heat are going into the oceans. There`s information everywhere to study and make your personal decision from, I`m going with the 13 ZJ per year. Your 'denier friend' must be going with less or he`d be an `alarmist`. After you have studied and formed your own opinion, you need to ask him for his estimate in ZettaJoules of heat per year that are going into the oceans (he must provide you with a ZJ number and accuracy range for you to ponder) and what he bases that on. Suggest you look at what`s available regarding ocean temperature measurements, XBT, ARGO floats, the prior rubber buckets, and the various numbers. Sure, surface & air temperatures are important for a few reasons but it`s all about quantifying heat change in the oceans.

  45. Latest myth from the Mail on Sunday on Arctic ice

    AnotherBee - We covered that point here.  We are continuing to pursue that issue and many others with both the Mail and the PCC.

    In case it's of some interest, here's our latest video report, hot off the presses, which covers the Mail's recent "revision" and also touches on the mismatched dates issue:


    Moderator Response:

    [DB] Reduced Video Player width to 450.

  46. Secretary of State Kerry and Senator Boxer Remark on the IPCC Report

    And yet, with a stroke of the pen, the politicians could have a profound effect on the problem.  Simply put in Hansen's Tax and Dividend.  The economics will take care of the rest.  What is so hard for them to understand here.  Wasn't Kerry a member of the GOP before Obama hired him.  Perhaps he should go and talk with his former colegues.

    Moderator Response:

    [JH] John Kerry was indeed a Senator from Massachusetts. He was also the Democrat's nominee for President in 2003, when George W. Bush won re-election. You can rest assurred that Kerry has communicated and will continue to communicate with his former Senate colleagues on a wide variety of subjects including what to do about climate change.  

  47. Understanding the pre-IPCC Anti-Climate Science Misinformation Blitz

    @scaddenp #43 I'm harping on this a bit but it's important because it's the basics and "denier" comments on web sites don't grasp it (the paid and mischief makers pretend not to grasp it) and you said "...CIMP models...". Yes, I`m sure the "models" would do an excellent job but I`m talking reality, not simulation, and it`s simple. It needs 5.5 ZettaJoules to raise average air temperatutre 1 degree Celsius (I got from Dr. Randall lecture + simple math) and ORAS4 reanalysis says oceans took up 250 ZJ the last many decades. Add 8% estimate for ice melt & miscellaneous and this would have today raised air temperature by 49 degrees Celsius. No simulation "models" needed just simple math & logic. The "models" are good for projecting what will happen with various emissions scenarios but whenever a simple concept can be described without reference to these simulation "models", it should be.

  48. Secretary of State Kerry and Senator Boxer Remark on the IPCC Report

    @ClimateChangeExtremist #7 You have quantity mistake. Total current CO2 in air 400 ppmv = 3,120 gigatonnes, which is 390 Gt above 350 ppmv. 

  49. Secretary of State Kerry and Senator Boxer Remark on the IPCC Report

    @Moderator #5 I think it's necessary you clarify whether every Congressperson Lamar Smith opinion is "poppycock" because there's some diverse opinions in it, the obvious being quantiication of "unilateral action by the U.S." as opposed to a global agreement in which the other big coal burners are included.

    Moderator Response:

    [JH] Cong Smith's pontification about the US not proceeding alone tells me that he believes the U.S. should relinquish its role as a world leader. From my perspective as a patriotic American, such a policy is poppycock. 

  50. Secretary of State Kerry and Senator Boxer Remark on the IPCC Report

    Perhaps  Congressperson Lamar Smith can publish  his latest readings in relation to his review of the 'actual scientific assesment of the peer-reviewed literature." 

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