Arguments
Recent Comments
Prev 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 Next
Comments 44051 to 44100:
-
Terranova at 06:15 AM on 2 July 20134 Hiroshima bombs worth of heat per second
Per antwerpenaar above, I can't help but agree. Can you quantify what that number means? How does the 4 Hiroshima bombs per second relate to the energy received from the sun per second?
-
Antwerpenaar at 05:28 AM on 2 July 20134 Hiroshima bombs worth of heat per second
I'm a non-expert here, but I'm uncomfortable with the Hiroshima Bomb analogy.
1) It gives the idea, quite strongly, that we 'warmists' are just out to scare everyone without any rational basis. A bit like Godwin's law.
2) (And echoing theelf): It doesn't help the reader to place the size of the problem. OK it's scary. And I know that a Hiroshima bomb going off in my living room would be quite dramatic. But what does it mean on the global scale? How many Hiroshima bombs are a degree celsius, for example?
-
sethpeck at 03:57 AM on 2 July 2013BC’s revenue-neutral carbon tax experiment, four years on: It’s working
Great article, definitely need to see these things happening in the USA. Also, I think the phrase "meme...propogated by Richard Dawkins" is a bit of a redundancy, don't you?
-
theelf at 03:33 AM on 2 July 20134 Hiroshima bombs worth of heat per second
John Lyman used the Hiroshima bomb reference with regard to ocean heat in May 2010, during interviews regarding his Nature (2010) study, e.g.:
http://www.livescience.com/6472-study-ocean-warmed-significantly-16-years.html
It is not easy to quanity such a large number as 250 TW in a fashion that is meaningful to people. The anology of each of the 7.1 billion people on the planet continuously running about two dozen 1500-watt hair dryers might also be a useful, although it is hard to imagine 7.1 billion.
-
jdixon1980 at 01:01 AM on 2 July 2013A Looming Climate Shift: Will Ocean Heat Come Back to Haunt us?
Rob Painting @5: "What I'm getting at is that the trends shown in figure 3 are precisely what we would expect based upon the motion of fluids on a rapidly rotating planet such as Earth."
I have a (probably very basic) physics question that has been nagging me since I first read about the early weather/climate simulation experiments with rotating dishpans/concentric cylinders in the Spencer Weart essays: Given that Earth is only rapidly rotating with respect to a non-Earth reference frame, why do things that are on Earth, and have been on Earth for a while, "feel" (i.e., physically act) like they are rapidly rotating? My intuitive sense is that it must have to do with extraterrestrial forces that come from specific locations and directions relative to which the Earth is rotating, like gravitational pull from the Sun, moon, and perhaps other objects, as well as the cycling on and off of irradiation from the Sun at most latitudes. Is this understanding correct, or is there some way that the Earth's "rotation" has an effect unrelated to other objects in space?
-
Mark Harrigan at 00:29 AM on 2 July 2013Media Overlooking 90% of Global Warming
I can't believe I am saying this, as the media covergae of climate change is almost universally appalling BUT I think part of the problem is that we, as the scientific community allowed the message/meme to permeate that media that "warming" was purely an atmospheric temperature phenomena to be assessed solely by average global temperatures.
Some people have trouble counting, a very large number don't really understand what an average is, how to calculate it or what it actually represents. As for a moving average to be messured on, say, a decadal basis - forget it.
And I don't think we scientists have communicated that very well - which is why in part so many still continue to think warming has "paused".
Of course the media has not helped and I do not offer this comment as exculpatory for the media.
But we really need to get better at explaining what "warming" means.
I'm a phsycist - and I remember being highly skeptical about AGW when I first heard about it in the late 80's - reasoning that the ocean was such an enormous heat sink that any impact on atmospheric temperatures would be dwarfed by the impact on increased heat content in the ocean. Well, I was a little bit right.
As I studied the evidence it became clear to me that the issue was real, and that as greenhouse gas levels increased we would see ice mass disappearing and ocean heat content increasing before temperatures rose dramatically.
Yet there was very little of this sort of dialogue in the media. NOR did it feature prominently in the messages given by science.
Now that we know much more than we did about ocean circulation patterns, intermixing and the like (although there is still much to learn) we need to get this message across in much simpler fashion than we have done so far.
For example - this video http://www.colorado.edu/news/multimedia/grace-mission-measures-global-ice-mass-changes could do with more prominence but where is the place one can point to that shows GLOBAL ice mass loss. The best on this site is here (I think) http://www.skepticalscience.com/melting-ice-global-warming.htm - but it's not "simple" enough. We have to reduce the message down to what can be grasped and absorbed quickly. By all means show the detail once we have people's attention but what needs to be understood is the total ice mass loss. because most people can grasp that ice doesn't melt without an injection of heat.
The same with heat content in the ocean. The 90% statistic and the 3-4 hiroshima bombs per second doesn't work - because most people haven't a clue what that means.
We need to translate that into a simple measure - like what would happen if all that excess heat going into the ocean DID get transferred to the atnosphere. Has anyone seen any attempts to produce such a figure?
Or perhaps a thought experiment.
Ask people what they think would happen if we had a large room where 10% of the floor was covered with a large block of ice and a further 70% was occupied by a large tank of deep water at an average temperature of just a few degrees celcius. Assume that the mass of water vapour in the room is about 0.001% of the water in the tank and the ice cube. Further that the total mass of the ice block is about 2% of the mass of water in the tank
We then introduce a modest increase in infrared radiation into the room - at just (let's keep it simple) a uniform 1 Watt/m2.
Where we would notice the effects first? In an increase in ambient room temperature? The ice starting to melt? Or the water starting to gain "heat"?
Or more accurately - where would the (majority) of the heat (energy transfer) go?
I wonder?
-
Tom Curtis at 20:33 PM on 1 July 2013The Climate Show #34: four Hiroshima bombs a second
Chriskoz, it is an article of faith in Queensland that State of Origin is at the center of the universe; and therefore can never be off topic in any discussion. The Ashes are only slightly less important. One of the gravest ill effects that may attend on global warming is the potential cessation of these series due to the collapse of civilization.
;)
-
chriskoz at 19:56 PM on 1 July 2013The Climate Show #34: four Hiroshima bombs a second
John Cook,
You are trying to derail this whole Climate Show. I postulate "State of Origin" and "Ashes" phenomenons you're bringing in, have no relationships with the title of this show, or any relationship is incidential (like number of pirates vs global warming), unless you prove otherwise :)
Back to the topic. In this interview, Bill explains his "Math" based on the number 450ppm CO2, although somewhat reluctantly. Well, I'm bit disapointed because that's in odds with his organisation 350.org: did he already give up advocating 350ppm ?
I know the maths of 450ppm because all media is talking about it: that's the political limit. But the scientific limit, according to Jim Hansen is 350ppm, corresponding to, if I recall well, 1.5C total warming including the Earth system response. That math would be more interesting for me: i.e. how long should we wait, given the fastest possible emission peak and decline scenario, for the ocean to absorb CO2 back down to 350 level, and pray that both GIS and WAIS hold on and other no other feedback is triggered. That's the math I would like to see here...
-
bill4344 at 12:41 PM on 1 July 20132013 SkS Weekly News Roundup #26B
That's right William! Any time something has been identified as a pollutant in the past it's simply been regulated completely out of existence, and all the emitters have been locked up! In iron coffins, with spikes on the inside, to quote Monty Python.
Not so much a strawman, as a strawbogeyman, really... ;-)
-
William Haas at 12:12 PM on 1 July 20132013 SkS Weekly News Roundup #26B
If CO2 is really a pollutant then all emissions should be illegal and all those who emit CO2 should be prosecuted.
-
tcflood at 12:07 PM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
Tom Curtis @438,
Please read @432 and you will see that your comments are off topic.
Incidentally, I'm also well aware of the issues you raise.
-
Tom Curtis at 10:59 AM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
tcflood:
1) Certain engines are designed for use with particular fuels. In particular, jet engines are designed for use with kerosene rather than hydrogen gas, the two having quite different properties. By extracting CO2 to make hydrocarbons, the Navy will avoid the need to retrofit their fleet of aircraft with different engines.
2) Hydrogen gas is notoriously difficult to store in a compact manner, while compact storage is a necessity in aircraft. So, even in the event that the navy did convert to hydrogen gass for a fuel, it would need to retrofit the fuel tanks of its entire fleet of aircraft - again something unlikely to be practical.
3) Hydrogen gas has the tendency to make hot metals brittle, and brittle turbine fans are a very bad idea in jet engines. This may by itself make hydrogen gas powered turbojet engines impractical.
I don't know enough to know which of these three is the most important factor, or even if they are the only factors. I suspect strongly, however, that the Navy experts do know about the relevant significant of these (and other) factors, and that the Navy's decision is not fivolous. Unless you are reasonably expert in the areas of aircraft fuel storage, jet engine design, and metalurgy, however, I doubt sincerely your ability to formulate reasonable critiques of the Navy's decision. Assuming energy requirements is the only factor certainly does not count as reasonable in this context.
-
KR at 07:41 AM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
I would have to opine that a hydrogen economy is some time out, at least for transportation. H2 storage requires high pressure, liquification, or some sort of chemical storage (metal hydrides, carbohydrates, etc). Storage, shipment, and energy are all issues.
A hydrocarbon such as methanol (CH3OH) is a liquid at room temperature and pressure, has good energy density for weight/volume, and would be a very easy transition from the current gasoline fleet.
I don't know what the best and most cost-effective path would be, whether electrical backup or transportion - but we do have multiple alternatives worth considering.
-
Dikran Marsupial at 06:49 AM on 1 July 2013The Climate Show #34: four Hiroshima bombs a second
JC@1
;o) -
tcflood at 04:42 AM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
One thing I have not checked out as yet is the rate at which electrolytic H2 can be produced vs. scale (capital cost). In any event, an appropriate supply buffer would need to be maintained for backup power generation.
If enough overcapacity were constructed and enough capacity were routed to H2 production, and given that wind patterns are readily predicted several days in advance, it would mean that by switching off electrodes some amount of wind power would become dispatchable to the grid.
-
Chris G at 04:23 AM on 1 July 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
I sampled some more of the comments. I think it would be painting with too broad a brush to say that there is deliberate intent behind all the mistakes that are being made. The human mind is not a computer; emotion interfers with rational processing. Because of the huge stakes involved, it is difficult to avoid getting emotional when discussing climate science. I believe that some of the dissenters truly believe what they are saying; they are not being dishonest; they are just wrong.
I'm thinking of an analogy of students learning some difficult math process. (Substitute whatever your consider difficult: geometry, trigonometric substitution, discrete statistics, etc.) There are mistakes that are made by the set of students, and some are more common than others. There are patterns to the mistakes.
It is emotionally difficult to deal with the reality of our situation, and there are many mistakes that can be made that enable one to conclude that our situation is better than it really is. I see this paper as an attempt to identify the more common patterns of errors, but to conclude that the mistakes are intentional is perhaps a step too far.
Yes, I know that there have been many times when the mistakes have been pointed out and yet the mistakes are continued, but I've seen the same thing with cancer, COPD, and Alzheimer's among different family members. No matter how you lay out the information and the conclusions, the person refuses to accept that they have a serious problem and that not dealing with the problem is going to end up being worse for them.
The summary of what I am saying is that often when people are wrong, they are not wrong because they have nefarious intent or lack the skill to come to a correct conclusion. They are wrong because the correct conclusion is simply too threatening, and their emotional, and subconscious part, of their mind will not let them come to grips with the reality of the situation. With climate change, two of the most common threats as I see them are the thoughts, "I have really hurt my children's prospects for health and well-being.", and "I will be ostracised from my group." With a great many people, either of those is all the emotional motivation anyone needs to cause a cognitive gear slip. (No, I am not so naive as to think there are not people who would lie for money; I just think it is less common than some believe.)
-
tcflood at 04:12 AM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
As to pricing out the H2 backup, just price out the H2 + CO2 backup scheme and stop at H2.
-
tcflood at 04:10 AM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
KR @433;
I'm well aware of the chemistry of conversion of H2 + CO2 to hydrocarbons, the properties of hydorcarbons and their use as fuel. I agree that with enough overcapacity the generation of hydrocarbon transportation fuels could be useful until hydrogen infrastructure, fuel cell costs and battery technology all advance. However, generating hydrocarbons as fuel for backup generation, as I have often heard elsewhere, would be a huge waste.
-
KR at 03:33 AM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
tcpflood - "...why waste all that energy and hardware to extract and reduce CO2?"
Because liquid hydrocarbons are overwhelmingly useful in transportation. Battery tech is improving, but not quickly - however, the tech to generate kerosene/methenol/etc from CO2 and water is already available, and the energy density provided is a basic requirement for transportation use. As a personal opinion, since overgeneration appears to be more economical than large storage, I would consider generation of liquid transport fuels an excellent use of unneeded overgeneration - unlike electrical dispatch, it's not time critical given a week or so of supply buffering.
However, the idea you mention, of electrolytic hydrogen generation for power plant usage (as backup), is probably worth considering as well. Running the numbers would help to determine whether it was cost-effective.
WRT "multiple-day" limitations, I suspect that large grid interconnections and extended regional generation will be of great use. But not all solution mixes will apply to all regions - the UK, for example, with limited area and insolation, may find a larger investment in nuclear more cost-effective than being dependent on large interconnects to and energy imports from Eastern Europe or to the Mediterranean.
-
kampmannpeine at 03:16 AM on 1 July 20132013 SkS Weekly News Roundup #26B
I am really "terrified" by the report on the lies of Big Oil ... And I thought BP is investing into PV and windmill technology ... nothing ...
They simply lie, always lie! -
tcflood at 02:23 AM on 1 July 2013A Detailed Look at Renewable Baseload Energy
One of the strongest arguments from baseload renewables skeptics is the need for backup generation amounting to a larges fraction of the renewable nameplate capacity and/or huge overcapacity for wind to assure 8-10% baseload reliability.
While I am concerned about Jacobson & Delucchi’s lack of practicality in general, they do have an excellent point about using hydrogen turbines for backup with the H2 coming from moderate wind overcapacity.
KR @341 and JvD @388 both mentioned the Navy’s proposed scheme to use nuclear power on aircraft carriers to generate electrolytic H2 and extract CO2 from seawater to prepare jet fuel onboard (http://bravenewclimate.com/2013/01/16/zero-emission-synfuel-from-seawater/). While this may make sense for the aircraft carrier, it makes no sense at all otherwise – why waste all that energy and hardware to extract and reduce CO2?
Hydrogen production technology is well established with 4-5% of feedstock-scale H2 generation being electrolytic already. No transport or consumer exposure would be involved. Gas turbines have by far the lowest levelized capital cost and low fixed maintenance costs (excluding fuel) of any current large scale generation (EIA data), and costs of redesigning for H2 should be minimal. Using hydrogen turbine backup, the base load capacity of wind could become substantial.
This scenario makes considerable sense for the US with its wind resources. It may not be sufficient for Britain or Europe where multiple-day periods of cloudy calm are not infrequent.
-
meher engineer at 01:38 AM on 1 July 20132013 SkS Weekly News Roundup #26B
Julia Whitty's "21 Percent of Homes Emit 50 Percent of CO2" by Julia Whitty, is part of a family of rules, of which LIndsay Wolson's "60-15 rule of carbon footprints” (http://shrinkthatfootprint.com/the-60-15-rule-of-carbon-footprints) is a member. Wolfson, in his own words, traces his rule back to "the economist Vilfredo Parteo, who once observed that 80% of Italy’s land was owned by 20% of its people, and went on to find a similar ratio occurring in many systems. In business it might be ’80% of sales come from 20% of customers’ or in economics that ’80% of wealth is held by 20% of people’".
-
Klaus Flemløse at 22:51 PM on 30 June 2013Nils-Axel Mörner is Wrong About Sea Level Rise
Here is the latest sea level from the area around Maldives according to Colerado University. The sea level rise is around 3 mm pr.year using a simpel linear regression.
-
Klaus Flemløse at 22:02 PM on 30 June 2013Nils-Axel Mörner is Wrong About Sea Level Rise
Follow up to post 56:
There are two messages in this image.
1) In the underlying article the authors want to show that the water level at the Maldives is falling. For this purpose, they probably want to present a convincing picture as possible. This picture is what they can produce.
2) With a declining water level the vegetation will spread. That's what we see in the picture. Do you believe in a falling sea level over 70 years ?
This image is in contradiction with the Nils-Axel Mörner pictures, where he claims that the water level is declining despite the fact that there is no increase in vegetation.
Youtube on sea level at the Maldives:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCs-_4c6Kd0
-
John Cook at 21:15 PM on 30 June 2013The Climate Show #34: four Hiroshima bombs a second
I'd like to point out that in this Climate Show, I predict that Queensland win the State of Origin, a prediction which came true. I also predict Australia win the first Ashes test - given my successful Origin prediction, I'm confident that too will come to pass.
-
Flakmeister at 07:14 AM on 30 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Should have added:
It woudl seem as if the experience of the Wegman report would be a fitting epilogue....
-
Marco at 05:17 AM on 30 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Rasmus, De Groene Rekenkamer is indeed the equivalent of the klimarealisterne. Hanekamp is linked to CFACT also, so there's little to expect from him in terms of scientific objectivity.
-
Flakmeister at 04:20 AM on 30 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
I have been following things over at RC and ESDD comment section... Deliciously wicked!
Whether it has anything to do with agnotology, I am not qualified to say, but it has everything to do with proper science and the essence of peer review.
-
arch stanton at 03:01 AM on 30 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Nice job LOL.
But how could you leave out my personal favorite climastrologist - Dr Theodor Landscheidt? I mean after all, His work with Gleissberg cycles and the sun's barycentric oscillations explains it all.
See fig 8 in this fine paper (published in E&E).
Keep up the good work,
arch
-
rasmus at 02:45 AM on 30 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Hanekamp is an interesting case, especially if you can trust things you find with google:
http://www.zoominfo.com/p/Jaap-Hanekamp/11461458
http://www.climatewiki.org/wiki/Heidelberg_Appeal
Apparently, Heidelberg Appeal no longer exists, but there is a new one called the "Green Audit Institution" (difficult to translate "Groene Rekenkamer"):
http://www.groenerekenkamer.com/node/877
I wonder if this is the Dutch equivalent to the organisation "klimarealistene" which we discuss in our paper? Anyhow, his comment speaks for itself...
-
CBDunkerson at 21:14 PM on 29 June 2013It's cooling
scliu94 wrote: "What do you guys make of this?"
-
Rob Painting at 20:55 PM on 29 June 2013It's cooling
scliu94 - only in the mind of a climate science contrarian can the ocean heat data be unreliable so as to be unable to tell us the oceans are warming, yet reliable enough to confirm that the warming is natural!!
An insurmountable hurdle for contrarians is that the largest natural component for warming the oceans - the sun- has seen a decline in radiation output over the last 3 decades, which should have seen a cooling of the oceans. Instead the oceans the oceans have warmed substantially - as they should when increased concentrations of greenhouse gases trap more heat in the oceans.
-
Dave123 at 17:08 PM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Auditing the "auditors". How audacious! The response from Hanekamp that invents a criteria of symmetry is delicious in an ironic sense then, that it's somehow unfair to systematically demonstrate common classes of logical, statistical and factual errors in the work of those seeking to do the same with regard to mainstream climate science. O- the humanity!
-
Tristan at 16:59 PM on 29 June 2013It's cooling
Scliu, you're more likely to get a response if you ask a specific question.
Also, given the source, (Bob Tisdale) it's pretty obvious what people will make of it. "Tisdale at it again, after being repeatedly shown to be wrong".
Here's a link. http://wottsupwiththatblog.wordpress.com/2013/05/07/a-challenge-from-bob/
-
scliu94 at 12:59 PM on 29 June 2013It's cooling
What do you guys make of this? http://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/03/11/is-ocean-heat-content-data-all-its-stacked-up-to-be/
-
Andy Skuce at 12:33 PM on 29 June 2013BC’s revenue-neutral carbon tax experiment, four years on: It’s working
William: people on low incomes get cheques worth $115 annually per adult and for the first child. Effectively, it is a form of negative tax. But that's only one part of the rebate.
Of course, ecoonomists could argue how the refunds of the tax should best be distributed: between rich and poor, and between individuals and businesses. It is not just a matter of economic efficiency, but also one of social justice and getting public buy-in. The fact that the tax is relatively popular suggests to me that the mix of rebates in BC may be about right.
-
Tom Curtis at 12:27 PM on 29 June 2013CO2 effect is saturated
scaddenp @229, it is not that the water vapour feedback is not well understood. Rather, because feedbacks are responses to warming of cooling, other feedbacks which also warm (or cool) will also result in an additional WV feedback response. Therefore you cannot quantify the WV feedback without quantifying all feedbacks. The IPCC recognize this. They quantify the WV feedback to the Planck response alone, but note that "... because of the inherently nonlinear nature of the response to feedbacks, the final impact on sensitivity is not simply the sum of these responses. The effect of multiple positive feedbacks is that they mutually amplify each other’s impact on climate sensitivity." Consequently, while the WV+Lapse Rate feedback increases the temperature response by 50% of the Planck response ignoring other feedbacks, their total contribution to climate sensitivity will be greater than 0.5 C.
Ignoring cloud feedbacks, the IPCC indicates the other feedbacks will result in an increase of temperature of 1.9 C for a doubling of CO2. If the cloud feedback would increase the temperature response by 50% by itself, then the final climate sensitivity will be > 2.85 C, with a combined WV, Lapse rate and Surface Albedo feedback greater than 0.9 C. If, however, it is -10%, the resulting climate sensitivity will be less than 1.71 C, and the contribution of the non-cloud feedbacks will be less than 0.9 C.
-
Andy Skuce at 12:19 PM on 29 June 2013BC’s revenue-neutral carbon tax experiment, four years on: It’s working
Geoff Hughes: The percentage changes reported for each year are year-on-year changes. For example, the 2008 value of -1.0% in the first table represents a drop in consumption of petroleum products subject to the carbon tax in BC between 2007 and 2008. The 2009 number represents the change between 2008 and 2009.
-
scaddenp at 10:23 AM on 29 June 2013CO2 effect is saturated
Tom, I do realise that H2O isnt that straightforward a feedback - especially if you take into account clouds, (I've worked through the excellent series at SoD ) but my understanding from th IPCC reports is that uncertainties with GHE of water vapour are in the "well understood" category with good agreement between theory and experimental/observational data. (unlike say clouds, ice sheet loss, clathrates etc) Ignoring clouds, I understand the effect to be effectively double planck response. For that reason, I think claims of "only" 1K for double CO2 are particularly spurious. You can argue about the feedbacks from clouds and melting ice, and especially ocean saturation and methane release, but you cant argue too much about the water vapour.
-
Ken in Oz at 10:03 AM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Close scrutiny of the 3%?
I vacillate between thinking it's best not to draw too much attention to them, on the basis that any publicity will lift their profiles, and thinking an expose of their bad science can only damage the denialist cause. On the basis that more and better information is best, I've decided to pump for the latter.
-
Chris G at 09:25 AM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
DSL, I only read a couple of the responses, but yeah, it seems that in addition to the need to avoid confirmation bias, there is a complementary need to avoid dis-conformation(?) bias, the bias against understanding an argument correctly the conclusion is contrary to existing beliefs.
I read them and I think, "You are arguing with something that was not said."
-
Tom Curtis at 09:23 AM on 29 June 2013CO2 effect is saturated
scaddenp @227, it is incorrect to think of the water vapour feedback as a singular factor. To illustrate this, consider the procedure for estimating the planck response plus water vapour feedback using Modtran. I will do so just using the 1976 US Standard Atmosphere with no clouds for illustrative purposes. To do it properly, you should do it for a representative sample of environmental and cloud conditions, and take a weighted average, something it is not strictly possible to do with the University of Chicago Modtran model due to the limited number of environmental conditions specified. Bearing that caveatte in mind, however, we proceed as follows:
- We determine the upward IR flux at 280 ppmv with all other values unadjusted (260.02 W/m^2).
- We increase the CO2 concentration to 560 ppmv, thereby reducing the upward upward IR flux.
- We increase the temperature offset until the upward IR flux again matches the initial value (Offset of 0.86 C required.) That represents the Planck response.
- We increase the water vapor scale to equal ((288 plus offset)/288)^4 to allow for the increased water vapour pressure at the higher temperature (1.012 scale factor).
- We again increase the temperature offset to restore the upward IR flux to the original value (Offset of 0.96 C required). This represents the increased water vapour pressure due to the initial water vapour response.
- You repeat step five until the value stabilizes. You have now calculated the Planck response plus the water vapour feedback to the Planck response.
Now, at this stage we may want to calculate the snow albedo feedback to the Planck response plus WV feedback to the Planck response. That will again increase the offset temperature required, which will inturn result in another round of WV responses, and a further reduction in snow cover and so on.
It is because feedbacks iterate like this that it is not correct to talk about the WV feedback as a singular factor. Supose, for example, that the total cloud feedback were slightly negative rather than (as is more likely) positive. Then the total WV feedback will be less. On the other hand, if the snow albedo feedback is stronger than expected (as is known from observation), that will result in a stronger WV feedback.
Because feedbacks interact in this way, I think it is conceptually better to determine the Planck response, and then determine the feedback factors as a group to the extent that is possible.
-
Geoff Hughes at 08:43 AM on 29 June 2013BC’s revenue-neutral carbon tax experiment, four years on: It’s working
I would like to share this good news on my blog, but I do not find the base year(s) for the changes in the tables. Without a base, I do not know what I am reporting. Could you clarify, please?
-
william5331 at 05:53 AM on 29 June 2013BC’s revenue-neutral carbon tax experiment, four years on: It’s working
I wonder if this very laudable system wouldn't be even more effective if the dividend was given to every registered tax payer rather than to everyone that is currently paying taxes. In other words, simply deposited into every adult's bank account or credit card rather than given as a tax deduction. So many people are out of work through no fault of their own and they would spend every cent of the sum instantly to the benefit of the whole economy. It would be a welfare subsidy paid for by fossil fuel or the much discussed negative tax which may become necessary as the luddite effect bites deeper and deeper (everything manufactured by machines with the profits going to the owners of the machines and no more service jobs {politicians, prostitutes etc} available.
-
DSL at 02:10 AM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
The interactive comments are highly entertaining. There should be a separate post just on those comments.
-
Esop at 02:00 AM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
This sounds like a very, very interesting paper. Looking forward to seeing the comments from the various authors that are being "audited" as well. Great work!
-
citizenschallenge at 01:51 AM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Interesting - perhaps one lesson is to accept the notion that:
"We need each other to keep our selves honest."
-
Chris G at 01:29 AM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
I suppose it depends on the mentality of the person. Some get confused by conflicting information. Personally, I tend to withhold judgement until I have heard a differing opinion; it doesn't matter if it is climate change or an argument between two children.
-
Chris G at 01:25 AM on 29 June 2013Agnotology, Climastrology, and Replicability Examined in a New Study
Somewhat on the topic of how we know what we think we know, this was something interesting I came across recently.
Changing Minds About Climate Change Policy Can Be Done -- Sometimes
-
chriskoz at 23:43 PM on 28 June 20132013 SkS Weekly News Roundup #26A
To the whole SkS team, you have to check This panel discussion about science denial. Four experts talk about the anti-science of climate change, tobacco link to cancer, gun control and healthcare.
The most interesting is the moment at 44:00, when a question comes what to do to fight the science denial, Mike Mann quickly replies saying that SkS is na excellent site and their presentation of scientific arguments debunking denial taking points is the best and should be "the model for all of those other issues". That comment should make us, espetially the authors, proud.
Prev 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 Next
