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All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.

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Comments 56301 to 56350:

  1. Yes, Virginia, There is Sea Level Rise
    As Rob notes @2, an acceleration (which I would certainly not characterize as 'healthy' because of the unintended connotations of that word) is exactly what's going to happen. RonManley @1 - you are confusing short-term noise with long-term trend changes.
  2. Vision Prize Results
    Bernard J: With all due respect, the "mob" posting on WUWT is an insignificant fraction of the human population.
  3. Madness over sea level rise in North Carolina
    Tristan. What's even more sad is that this political interference in science will likely grow much worse, and for many years yet, before it improves. That should be just enough to permanently stuff things up.
  4. Yes, Virginia, There is Sea Level Rise
    #2 Rob Painting "Whether it will accelerate in the next few years remains to be seen" Yes, and in order to get to the prediction in the video, 6 Feet (1.8 meters) by 2100 it will have to average over 20 mm/yr for the next 88 years. That's well over six times the current rate. A very healthy acceleration will have to happen in order for that prediction to come true.
  5. Madness over sea level rise in North Carolina
    Richard Pearson is the Noosa LNP member who proposed that anti-science motion Bernard linked to. He just commented over at JoNova's blog. Not that I recommend the link. The fact that he's even there is a sad indictment of where Australian politics is at the moment.
  6. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    JohnMashey The stream (called a "river" on the maps) heads off towards the Boyne (one of Ireland's major waterways, see Battle of same!), but on the way has flooded back gardens when it is in spate. The local plan is to cut out some meanders and deepen the bed so it continues unvexed to the Boyne. In fact, downstream folks have experienced far more bother than we have. Ok, an innocuous little example, but multiply it by what may be hundreds of cases of housing too close to floodplains or seashores, and tens of thousands across the world, and you have one way climate change will "come home" to people in short order. Incidentally, Matthew Kahn in Climatopolis argues that Governments should not intervene in cases like this and householders in floodplains, or near seashores, should be forced to accept their losses, or pay their own way. To be honest, I have not read the book, just heard the author on video, and I cannot find the link. http://climatopolis.com/?p=2 Kahn's argument is for a completely free-market approach to climate change.
  7. Rob Painting at 22:48 PM on 21 July 2012
    Yes, Virginia, There is Sea Level Rise
    In the near-term, the concern over future sea level rise is based upon the 65-70 metres of global sea level locked up in the giant polar ice sheets - Greenland and Antarctica, not thermal expansion of the ocean. Greenland & Antarctica are contributing to sea level rise at an accelerating rate. These ice sheets have been essentially stable for the last 7-8000 years and only began to melt/disintegrate in the late 20th century. Global sea level rise in the 20th century was anomalous within the context of the last 7-8000 years. Certainly there are other factors to consider in North Carolina - for one it is an area that was uplifted by the presence of the gigantic Laurentide ice sheet during the peak of the last ice age. The ice sheet is long gone, but the Earth is still responding to the change in loading - hence the subsidence going on along the North Carolina coast today. The trends in the global sea level satellite data (the last two decades) are consistent with the ocean heat content data (cooling between around 2004-2008), which is itself consistent with the solar dimming trend in the Southern Hemisphere, and the cooling phase of the 11-year solar cycle. The Earth has an energy imbalance, so it will continue to warm and sea level will continue to rise. Whether it will accelerate in the next few years remains to be seen, but unless reflective sulfate aerosols increase, it seems likely to.
  8. Yes, Virginia, There is Sea Level Rise
    From the clip it appears that the century rate of sea level rise on the Virginia coast has been around 200 mm (8”), the same as globally, but compounded by an equivalent amount of land settlement. The global 20-year rate of sea level rise was 1.8 m/year in 1892, fell to 0.0 in 1934, rose to 3.2 in 1963, fell to 1.0 in 1978, rose to 3.6 in 2005 and is currently 3.2 mm/year and falling. The change in rate of rise follows a similar pattern to the AMO but lags it by a decade or so. The data suggest that the change in the rate of sea level rise is +0.014 mm/year². If the decline in the rate of sea level rise following the 2005 peak is similar to that following previous peaks, and taking into account the accelerating rate of rise, then the rate of rise might continue to fall to around 2 or 2.5 mm/year. I realise that a lot of this discussion is about whether to extrapolate from past data or rely on the projections AOGCMs. Whilst the data do show an underlying acceleration in the rate of sea level rise it is less that the models project.
  9. Vision Prize Results
    I've just done something that I have not done for a long time, and read the Wattsian comments on Dana's first link at #11. Big mistake. I despair for humanity, if that mob is representative of the lay community. What does it say about us, that educated and trained people understand the universe in one way, and so much of the laiety crowd in layers on top of each other at the opposite side? I sincerely hope that the Vision Prize organisers have the presence of mind to purge their surveys of the contamination introduced by Watts.
  10. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    shoyemore: Hopefully, folks understand what happens downstream when you build stronger flood walls upstream.
  11. Vision Prize Results
    Dana1981 at #11: Watts appears to be demonstrating a serious case of inability to understand context. The Vision Prize is clearly targetted at a particular (expert) grade of professionals trained in climate change science, and yet Watts takes umbrage at the fact that there is an assessment process to weed out non-qualified attempts to sign on.
    It will be interesting to see if they are biased or open and whether I get to join the “players”. I urge WUWT readers to sign up and report your acceptances or rejections below.
    Why does he think that any joe from the streets should be allowed to contaminate the responses? The point is to garner an understanding of the opinions of the best-informed people in the world, and not from people who not only have no understanding, but who are actively motivated to oppose the directions and implications of reasoned understanding. As I noted in a post at Tamino's, to hold this perspective of what constitutes reasonable behaviour one would require a total absence of shame.
  12. The GLOBAL global warming signal
    Kevin C - I would be curious as to behavior of the various techniques with hold-out checks: choose a sparse set of hold-out stations, run the spline/kridging/nearest neighbor with cutoff methods, and see just how close they come (and with what bias) to the hold-outs. How hard would that kind of analysis be?
  13. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Esper ran both MXD as well as TRW on the samples (as well as early width and density). They show not late diversion problem (post 1960). However, in figure S6 in the supplementary information, there is a huge divergence from the beginning of the data until after 900AD. This divergence is not discussed in the paper, unless I missed something. What might this indicate? Another potential nit is from figure S10, where the correlation between the instrument record and the tree rings breaks down completely circa 1910 (looks like 1911 to me, but these are 15 year running averages). Volcanic eruptions from that time seem unremarkable (see here), though 1911 was noted for an extreme weather event in November in the US midwest (the great blue norther). Esper notes the breakdown, but does not attempt to explain it or indicate what it means to the reliability of the proxy record. Anybody know a enough about dendroclimatology or tree biology to shed some light here? (I was unable to find an SkS article dealing with the reliability of tree-ring proxy techniques, beyond the divergence problem. It is being attacked on the typical fake skeptic sites, so an article may have value.)
  14. The GLOBAL global warming signal
    OK, I've got Kriging working. It's not very much slower than splines. Interesting results: The Kriging results look very similar to nearest neighbour with a 1200km cutoff. I sort-of expected that from the theory, but the agreement is really quite good. Kriging gives global coverage, but as you move further away from the nearest observed cell, the weights for all the cells in the map approach equality - in other words, cells very far from any observation get set to the average of the observations, which is the same as leaving the cell unobserved. And it happens automatically. (Actually, this does depend on being able to solve the complete system of equations. BEST can't do this, because they are dealing with individual stations, not a coarse grid, so instead they impose a distance cutoff like GISTEMP in order to obtain a sparse matrix.) That also means that the GISTEMP 1200km kernel smoothing should give results fairly close to Kriging. Also, the divergence shown in Had4s in #9 before 1960 is an artifact of the spline extrapolation. The splines work well when coverage is good, but once you go back far enough to lose the Antarctic stations the spline method starts giving erratic. Unlike Kriging, the splines will generate more extreme values as the extrapolation distance increases.
  15. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    WheelsOC at 04:21 AM on 21 July, 2012 I understood it the same way as you did, like on Jim's inline response here: Relevant part below: They make nothing of that issue, barely even mentioning it in passing, and then never again. It's likely a fortuitous result, possibly related to use of density data and possibly not, but not one that is new--there have been numerous studies in which divergence at decadal scales was weak or absent.
  16. threadShredder at 05:51 AM on 21 July 2012
    Vision Prize Results
    Yes, I know about the updates. But I've noticed some posts could have been integrated or at least linked in some of the myths and weren't. I understand this is a voluntary effort from posters, and that the volume of material precludes any sort of comprehensive effort on single contributors. Given that, my suggestions are simply to suggest some inclusion if they are appropriate and may have been overlooked by busy people. I appreciate the site a lot, and wish I could be of more help, but I'm still a novice. Have been through all the myths and making my way through the posts as time allows. The site has come in quite handy for internet spats with deniers.
  17. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    That is spot on John. Great post. The intense cold spells we've seen in recent winters were result of the same 'stalling' no doubt. The future of the british isles looks like one of very wet and very dry seasons. I do have an issue with the increase in atmospheric water vapour caused by GW and recent expansion of Polar Mesospheric clouds (NLC's in lower latitudes) The issue itself being that at those heights solar UV busts apart the water molecule into its constituent atoms and the lightweight hydrogen atom bubbles up to the top of the atmosphere and escapes. Although for the size of a human there seems to be a lot of water on Earth, in proportion to the volume of the planet there is very little water indeed. Hydrogen is rare on earth, the main storages being H2O and CH4, therefore, like in Venus, when it all flies away water will be a thing of the past. This of course will not occur during our lifetimes, but it will certainly happen if GW is not slowed or stopped. As you mentioned 1 degree is about 7% increase of WV and at the same time, as the atmosphere warms, it expands leaving more room for higher humidity content. No matter which way you look at it is not looking good in the long term. We broke the sky :(
  18. Andrew Dessler's New Paper Debunks Both Roy Spencer And Richard Lindzen
    Dr. Dessler's paper is available here: http://geotest.tamu.edu/userfiles/216/Dessler2011.pdf The link at the top of this page is obsolete.
  19. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Note the authors say
    "Calibration/verification with instrumental data is temporally robust and no evidence for divergence was noted."
    So it does seem that the divergence problem simply isn't an issue with their MXD analysis, not that they made a specific effort to remove the divergence.
  20. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Wheels OC -
    "it seems like the [divergence] problem simply didn't occur in their analysis, not that they've come up with a methodology that removes it.
    I believe that's correct, but I'm far from a dendrochronology expert.
  21. Vision Prize Results
    Note by the way that Anthony Watts has enlisted his minions to ruin the second round of the Vision Prize. Ironically, the second round is about the Arctic sea ice decline, which is a subject on which WUWT reader predictions have an absolutely abysmal record.
  22. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Seems I was a little slow in posting!
  23. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    The apparent resolution of the Divergence Problem is what interests me about the study, but either I'm denser than the maximum latewood measurements or the solution wasn't discussed here or at RC. From what I could glean in the comments there, it seems like the problem simply didn't occur in their analysis, not that they've come up with a methodology that removes it.
  24. Vision Prize Results
    We do try to update the myths database with information from new blog posts, when relevant. When we do so we usually add a note to the bottom of the blog post noting that we've updated the myth rebuttal.
  25. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    It's just a result of their MXD reconstruction that it matches instrumental temperatures well, Martin. If you want a more technical answer, that's beyond my paygrade :-)
  26. Hyperactive Hydrologist at 04:17 AM on 21 July 2012
    The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    Housing in flood risk areas should be insured by the government. This would ensure new developments are built outside flood risk zones and existing at risk properties are given adequate protection. Unfortunately flooding soon drops off the political radar. This was demonstrated recently by the big cuts to the Environment Agency budget of nearly 30% despite numerous reports stating spending need to increase every year just to maintain the existing level of protection. The design process is also lacking. I work as a surface water and drainage modeller and we are only required to protect properties against a 1in40 year rainfall event. The design storms we use are based on the Flood Evaluation Handbook, which only uses data up to 2000 I believe. Climate Change is not factored into the design process. Hard engineering options, such as up sizing of pipe or large storage tanks, are preferred to sustainable options for maintainence reason. Responsibility is also an issue. Currently the EA is responsible for river flooding and the water companies are responsible for urban drains. Things like culverted water course and engineered open channels in urban regions seemed to be a bit of a grey area. What is needed is an integrated approach with complete stakeholder participation ideally on the catchment scale. Things are starting to head in this direction with councils being given the overall management role. However tight council budgets have meant that flooding is not seen as a priority.
  27. What is the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund?
    Just donated $50.00. I am sorry that this is a necessity but, I gladly contribute
  28. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Could you explain how exactly they resolved the divergence problem?
  29. threadShredder at 03:50 AM on 21 July 2012
    Vision Prize Results
    Yes, dana, that one. I think it would be very helpful to new folks for post writers to incorporate as many new posts as possible into the myths, according to appropriateness, of course. That is, if the writers of the new posts are aware of the totality of the myths topics, which I assume most are. Just providing links in the myth pages can help tie in new stuff to the myth topics, and give new folks like myself more continuity (if that makes any sense).
  30. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    Nice post, John. It is a natural counterpart to Rob's post on the US Midwest, but I'm stating the obvious. I'm baking here in Kansas, and have reduced my gardening efforts to simply trying to keep the rhubarb and asparagus alive. The current drought and heat here have made climate change more topical in the local paper, and I have come across comments to the effect that you guys are getting a lot of rain; therefore, it is just natural weather variability. I try to point out that less precipitation in some areas, and more precipitation in others is a long-standing prediction. Hence, the term 'climate change'. There is always debate about whether or not any event in particular is a result of climate change. I'm not sure what the alternate hypothesis is; that you can significantly change the energy balance of the planet without affecting weather? Side note: My father is an ex-Brit and he went to university in Wales. Cheers
  31. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Sceptical Wombat - that gets to another inconvenient fact about the MWP. It wasn't simultaneously global. In various geographic locations there were 'MWP' peaks at different times. China wasn't hot at the same time as northern Europe, for example. Some areas were relatively hot from 900-1000, others from 1000-1100, and so forth.
  32. Robert Murphy at 21:28 PM on 20 July 2012
    Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Sceptical Wombat @3: "I know that the MWP is a very slippery beast but I thought it was supposed to run from about 900 to 1300. The period of high temperatures in Fig 1 appears to be much earlier than this." Not only that, the LIA is gone in their graph, at least the LIA we're used to. Their LIA ends a little after 1500, then temps are mostly stable until the 19th century. I'm sure there's a lot of useful information in these new proxies, but they have to be integrated with many other regional studies in order to understand what was going on at a hemispheric level, let alone a global one.
  33. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    PS should explain that in the UK it is almost impossible to get a mortgage on a building that they won't cover against flooding. Hence this could become a big problem over the coming years.
  34. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    Thanks, Neven! I regard sea-level rise as a slower threat - and much of Wales is of high enough elevation that the overall shape of the country will be little changed if all the polar caps went - but the downside is the loss of much fertile growing land. Shoyemore - interesing point WRT flood insurance. There are some properties I know of locally that have flooded in recent years and one has been on the market three years with no takers - I suspect it's because nobody will insure the place any more. The house in question is hundreds of years old....
  35. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    In Ireland we have similar concerns to Wales. There have been a couple of unprecedented flooding episodes in the last couple of years. Some areas of Cork city have been flooded twice and insurance rates are coming under pressure. This year, the Irish Met Office raised the average temperature used in their forecasts by 0.5C, and also precipitation expectations (while of course saying "this may be due to natural variation, not climate change"). Though local councils were supposed to take account of climate change for 10 years or so, many new housing estates were built on flood plains during the housing "boom". As a personal anecdote, the nice leafy housing estate where I live and the adjacent one are divided by a small stream which runs down a culvert. While it seems insignificant, the local council did a study which showed that a 1-in-100 year flood could overtop the culvert and inundate about 1/3 of our estate and 2/3 of the adjacent one. Flood walls upstream are projected, but some downstream estates are worse affected, and they may get precedence in the work. It would all cost a few million euros, but our situation is multiplied by many around the country. Money has been set aside by central government, but inevitably there will be winners and losers. While my house would not be affected by a flood (by sheer luck, we bought a house on higher ground), it will no doubt cost people in insurance, and possibly render tham homeless after a flood. Just one way climate change will impact ordinary people as "1-in-100 year" floods become more common.
  36. Patrick Michaels: Serial Deleter of Inconvenient Data
    So...are we the xenomorphs?
  37. Sceptical Wombat at 17:02 PM on 20 July 2012
    Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    I know that the MWP is a very slippery beast but I thought it was supposed to run from about 900 to 1300. The period of high temperatures in Fig 1 appears to be much earlier than this.
  38. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    Generally true Composer. The climate contrarian spin from the paper was "Roman and Medieval times were as warm as present", which aside from being rather irrelevant (as discussed in the post), is not something this paper is capable of showing, except for temps specifically in northern Scandanavia.
  39. Esper Millennial Cooling in Context
    As far as I can tell, the Earth has been cooling slowly since the end of the Holocene climatic optimum, with some ups and downs along the way... until the Industrial Revolution. This paper does not seem to alter this impression in any meaningful way.
  40. The Debunking Handbook: now freely available for download
    oh yes, Thank You!
  41. The Debunking Handbook: now freely available for download
    Need a Spanish translator? My wife is a psychology student but previously translated to judges in court. Her English and Spanish are superb.
  42. Daniel Bailey at 10:38 AM on 20 July 2012
    What is the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund?
    Gee, wonder if I can get the CSLD Fund to comp me for my time lost on this thread? (after all, time is money) It is transparently obvious, the inherently fact-impoverished position of denial. Witness the arduous contortions evident in this thread alone needed to both manufacture debate where none exists and to then resuscitate an argument that was dead before it arrived (DBA).
  43. Daniel Bailey at 10:31 AM on 20 July 2012
    Patrick Michaels: Serial Deleter of Inconvenient Data
    So Chip says:
    "Correct – the satellite-based, balloon-based, and thermometer-based global temperature records show no warming whatsoever over the past decade. Claims that the Earth’s temperature is rising at an unprecedented rate are clearly false – nothing could be further from reality."
    Hmmm, he needs to get his pal Michaels back on the agenda-train. Cue Michaels in 3, 2, 1...:
    "You've all seen articles say that global warming stopped in 1998. Well, with all due respect, that's being a little bit unfair to the data...it was a huge El Niño year, and the sun was very active in 1998...make an argument that you can get killed on, and you will kill us [skeptics] all..if you lose credibility on this issue, you lose the issue."
    -Patrick Michaels, 6 September 2009 [Source] You heard rightly, folks. Michaels is calling Game-Over on his pal Chip.
  44. Patrick Michaels: Serial Deleter of Inconvenient Data
    A brief example of Knappenberger vs Knappenberger from KR's DC link. First:
    "Correct – the satellite-based, balloon-based, and thermometer-based global temperature records show no warming whatsoever over the past decade. Claims that the Earth’s temperature is rising at an unprecedented rate are clearly false – nothing could be further from reality."
    And Chip's comment a little later...
    "For some reason, most folks in this thread seem to think that I don’t think the world has been, is, and will continue to warm. I am not sure where this notion comes from."
    Maybe the notion comes from your published words, Chip. "The world is warming"; "no warming whatsoever". Which is it? The whole purpose of Easterling and Wehner's 2009 GRL article was to falsify claims such as the second sentence of the first statement by Michaels and Knappenberger above. Claims that the Earth’s temperature is rising at an unprecedented rate ... are entirely true! The 2000s do not contradict that, they actually support it strongly! See Tamino's excellent recent post - the 2000s actually lead to an increase in the overall warming trend, when added to the trends from 1980-2000. The 1980-2000 trend is smaller than the 1980-2011 trend! It doesn't give you much confidence in Michaels and Knappenberger's ability to summarise or interpret material published by other authors, as exemplified in the OP.
  45. What is the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund?
    To return to the original subject of the post, here is another article on ATI's latest FOIshing trip, in Texas. Climate science attack group turns sights on Texas professors Andrew Dessler is the target, Katharine Hayhoe was hit last year. I note the irony that ATI is a "charitable" organisation, allowing their funders a tax break so that they can squander taxpayers' money by wasting the time of climate scientists, by forcing them to comply with vexatious FOI requests. In the article, Climate Science Legal Defense Fund attorney Jeff Ruch is quoted as saying: "Before they were going after interactions between individual scientists. This is basically a spying operation to see who are you talking to, but presumably the idea is the same: to find material that is potential[ly] of use in discrediting a scientist."
  46. What is the Climate Science Legal Defense Fund?
    dubious @190, I am growing tired of this endless discussion of a trivial issue. When I say trivial, I think it is absolutely absurd that McIntyre made a blog post on the issue, and even more so that having done so he got every fact of legal interpretation wrong. But, given that it is so tiresome, I will be dropping out of any further discussion of the issue, after making one point. You said,
    "Effectively, there is nothing that McIntyre could have said to Dr Karoly which would not fall into that definition. "I think you're wrong" would be a "threat of legal action" on that definition. "Please tell me where I have promulgated misinformation" would pass the same test. "I would be grateful if you would support your allegation" would also pass the test. There would be almost no step McIntyre could have taken, if he believed Dr Karoly had been unprofessional in posting an inaccurate review, which would not have passed Tom Curtis' test for being a "threat of legal action". Similarly any contact with Dr Karoly asking that he meet basic norms of professional behaviour to withdraw an inaccurate allegation and apologise would have passed Dr Karoly's definition ("a request to the author of the material, requesting that they withdraw it and apologise"). Almost the only way of NOT meeting Dr Karoly's definition would have been to not contact him at all."
    That claim is simply absurd. All that McIntyre needed to do so that the letter did not have the form of a concerns notice under Australian law was to drop the phrase "defamatory". By excluding that word, the letter no longer makes a claim of defamation and therefore no-longer clearly presents claims of defamation. Further, McIntyre's claim that his only intention was to persuade Karoly to "behave as a professional" is dubious. A professional, and certainly a scholar is concerned to b truthful. Simply alleging that Karoly's claims where untruthful would have been sufficient if McIntyre's purpose had only been to persuade Karoly to desist from allegedly unprofessional conduct. Given that, the only point in including the term "defamatory" would appear to be to make Karoly (at a minimu) reflect on his legal situation - and if that was the intent it was definitely an implicit threat. On McIntyre's say-so I will accept that his letter was poorly drafted for his stated intent. But as drafted, it was legally a "concerns notice" and as such represented a threat of legal action.
  47. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    Great post, John. My wife and I considered moving to Wales about a year ago, but I feared that big ocean west of Wales and what climate change might make it do. So we're still living south of the heart of Europe, where I fear the Mediterranean drought. ;-) I wink, but it's serious.
  48. Climate change denial and the abuse of peer review
    Since Wegman is back in the news, here and here: a) Plagiarism was the simplest problem. b) But only a few pages of the 91-page Wegman Report avoided problems. The science was often wrong and even the statistics was wrong c) And then there was the misrepresentation, where they plagiarized Bradley, but changed conclusions they didn't like.
  49. Vision Prize Results
    You mean the 'no consensus' myth, threadShredder? I was actually thinking about that this morning. I'll try to remember to update it this weekend.
  50. The Mid-Wales floods of June 2012: a taste of things to come?
    Indeed, Gareth. Some respite though is on the cards as things have finally stirred into motion: high pressure moves east over us this weekend and following a few unsettled days early next week it reloads from the west. I can hear the sound of a thousand fishing-rods being dusted - but will the mackerel still be around? It has been a difficult summer in the garden: today I harvested the shallots before they rotted in the ground and in 95% of cases all foliage was died-off to ground-level. Many small ones, but I'll replant them next March for green onions late April through to July. But it just makes me wonder how I should plan for coming years, as a grower. I never realised that resilience-thinking was needed in grow-yer-own, but it seems that it is!

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