Climate Science Glossary

Term Lookup

Enter a term in the search box to find its definition.

Settings

Use the controls in the far right panel to increase or decrease the number of terms automatically displayed (or to completely turn that feature off).

Term Lookup

Settings

All IPCC definitions taken from Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Annex I, Glossary, pp. 941-954. Cambridge University Press.

Home Arguments Software Resources Comments The Consensus Project Translations About Support

Bluesky Facebook LinkedIn Mastodon MeWe

Twitter YouTube RSS Posts RSS Comments Email Subscribe


Climate's changed before
It's the sun
It's not bad
There is no consensus
It's cooling
Models are unreliable
Temp record is unreliable
Animals and plants can adapt
It hasn't warmed since 1998
Antarctica is gaining ice
View All Arguments...



Username
Password
New? Register here
Forgot your password?

Latest Posts

Archives

Recent Comments

Prev  2094  2095  2096  2097  2098  2099  2100  2101  2102  2103  2104  2105  2106  2107  2108  2109  Next

Comments 105051 to 105100:

  1. What should we do about climate change?
    J Murphy, So why aren't you out there advocating toe Greenpeace and the rest of the anti-nukes to change their policy to be pro-nuclear and get started right away?
  2. What should we do about climate change?
    I am getting pleaded with at BNC to shut up on the matter of excessive requirements for nuclear safety. I don't agree with the advocates for em to shut up. I thought I'd post my reply here too so you can all support my position :) "gallopingcamel, quokka, DV82XL, Douglas Wise, and all the others that are pleading with me to stop saying, and agitating, that: nuclear is 10 to 100 times safer than coal. The extra safety requirements are increasing the cost of nuclear and making it uncompetitive, so we have to stick with coal instead. This is illogical. We need to reduce the cost of nuclear to get it to roll out faster. This cannot be done with Gen III (much) but it can and should in Gen IV. We need to change the focus of our requirements from ‘super safe’ to ‘least cost with an acceptable level of safety’. Acceptable level of safety is what we accept for other industries, such as the chemical industry. I hear your plead for me to shut the f…k up on this. But I don’t agree with you. I understand you see how it is perceived by the public. I do understand this. I’ve been where you are. Now I think I am miles ahead of you. My reason for saying this is because I’ve seen 20 years of the pussy footing around. It gets us nowhere. I now believe we need to explain the facts. The facts are that we’ve made nuclear too safe compared with other industries. It is not feasible to raise the safety of other industries to what we require for nuclear. So that means that nuclear is disadvantaged. That means we cannot have the benefits of its higher safety and lower emissions. Another way to look at this is to point out that if nuclear had been available before coal and we were trying to introduce coal now to replace nuclear, we wouldn’t even consider it. When you think of it this way it points out just how ridiculous are the imposts we’ve imposed on nuclear. I do not agree with you guys that it is best to hold these discussions in private between consenting parties. I believe the discussion needs to be had with the public. Some will get it, others wont. But some will start to understand that they really have been taken for an enormous ride by the anti-nukes over the past 50 years. I believe Gen IV should be made as low cost as is necessary to provide the same level of safety as a chemical plant. I am thinking of what is needed to roll out nuclear instead of coal for generating electricity in the developing world. They can’t afford to buy developed country levels of safety for anything – chemical plants or anything else. So why would anyone believe they should have Gen III’s. It is totally illogical. We need to focus on least-cost not super-safe for Gen IV. We need to focus on the least cost available Gen II or Gen III until Gen IV is available because any Gen II or Gen III is more than safe enough. When implementing Gen II or Gen III (until Gen IV is available) the focus should be on removing as many of the imposts as possible so we can get the damned things at the lowest possible cost. We do not need to focus on safety. If they will provide lower cost electricity and free up fresh water by being on the coast near our major cities, then I am all for that. If it will be cheaper to put the first plants on brownfield sites, then I’m OK with that too.
    Moderator Response: If that is a direct copy of a comment you previously posted at some other site, next time please provide just a link plus some commentary, summary, or additional thoughts. Please don't just copy and paste lengthy comments that duplicate material available elsewhere. Thanks!
  3. What should we do about climate change?
    Peter Lang wrote : "Since the book was published he has added another scenario he calls PlanC.pdf 'Plan C'. This is the closest to being achivable. It requires 60% nuclear!" But, unsurprisingly, there are a few 'buts' : Plan C is a suggested starting point for a single consensus plan. (MY EMPHASIS) We build almost every zero-carbon technology we possibly can, as fast as we possibly can, starting right away. The plan reduces energy consumption by between 30% and 50% (depending how the accounting is done) by adopting super-efficient technology for the two biggest consumers – transport and heating. Figure 1.10. Plan C. Energy sources in 2050. Average energy contributed by source in kWh per day per person : Wind - 12 Clean Coal - 1.2 Tide - 3.7 Nuclear - 28 Wave - 0.3 Hydro - 0.2 Waste - 1.1 Pumped Heat - 13 Wood - 3 Solar HW - 1 PV - 0.3 Solar in deserts - 4 (Total - 67.8, i.e. Nuclear contributes 41%) Without smart demand management, the expansion of wind and nuclear will not work. And he has anticipated those who claim it's impossible without nuclear : Plan C gets most of its power from wind and nuclear. The mix could be adjusted in response to economic or political preferences: the exchange rate is that each Sizewell B is equivalent (on average) to 2000 (2 MW) turbines, which would make up wind-farms occupying an area of roughly 2000 km2.
  4. What should we do about climate change?
    scaddenp said:
    I am also a fan of that book. I've attempted to create the matching numbers for NZ.
    Except that it's impossible to do it properly, or come up with a "Plan C" or Plan E for NZ, because they, like Australia, forbid nuclear.
  5. What should we do about climate change?
    That link to David Mackay's 'Plan C' should be: 'Plan C' http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/sustainable/book/tex/PlanC.pdf
  6. What should we do about climate change?
    "I am concerned about cutting the emissions of twaddle: David Mackay, Preface to "Sustainable Energy - without the hot air" Excellent book but does not cover costs. That is important to be aware of. We cannot make policy without understanding costs, schedule, resource requirements. They are fundamental to any policy decisions. You may be interested in page 335 (greenhouse gas conversion factors. Notice Figure 1.9 Carbon intensity of electricity production (g CO2 / kWh) France = 83 Denmark = 881 France has highest proportion of nuclear in Europe (and the world) and lowest emission intensity from electricity; Denmark has the highest proportion of wind power in Europe (and the world) and the highest emissions intensity in Europe. I'll mention that France is correct but Denmark's figure is probably a little too high). But the point remains valid. Renewables do not cut emissions significantly. Nuclear does. Another point on David Mackay's book, he provides several scenarios of technology mixes that could allow UK to achieve the emisisons targets by 2050. Since the book was published he has added another scenario he calls PlanC.pdf 'Plan C'. This is the closest to being achivable. It requires 60% nuclear!
  7. What should we do about climate change?
    CBDunkerson @328, "Add 'not reading what the other person says' to the list of things which prevent meaningful conversation with you." I don't know aht you are referring to in the post that enbds with this statment, but it seems to me this statement applies to you. You clearly haven't read, or if you did you didn't understand, the material and links I've provided. I agree, we cannot have a meaningful conversation.
  8. The Grumble in the Jungle
    We know this "is the internet", "chewbacca" etc etc - these types of statements will only derail any discussion, I could indulge in such things as well. Shub, if you are going to engage in such tactics, it's only fair for me to point this out to uninformed readers. So you are pretty sure Nepstad 1994, 1999 and 2004 contain material that can support the IPCC statement? No point in playing games, I've pointed out as much. However, since you and many other before, have fallen for this switch, it does not do any harm to point out more explictly that the Nepstad papers deal with putative soil-moisture deprivation driven thresholds for *fire risk* - a simple fact you have consistently managed to overlook all the while now. Shub, trees aren't made of asbestos, fire will kill them just as surely as drought. Pathetic looking low- level fires kill up to half of Amazonian trees they encounter, secondary fires almost double that mortality. You would know this if you had done done research on the subject. Putting forward this as some counter-argument is somewhat absurd. From Nepstad 2004: "This study points to the widespread effect of drought on Amazon forests, and the vulnerability of Amazon forests to small declines in rainfall or increases in ET(evapotranspiration). Rainfall and ET are nearly equal across the Amazon during most years, with total rainfall falling below ET during years of severe drought. Such droughts may become more common if ENSO events continue to be frequent and severe, if rainfall is inhibited by deforestation or smoke, and if warming trends continue. Increases in ET of only 15% or similar reductions in rainfall can lead to severe soil moisture deficits over roughly half of the Amazon (Fig. 9)The increase in forest flammability associated with severe drought poses one of the greatest threats to the ecological integrity of Amazon forests."

  9. What should we do about climate change?
    My goal is not to pick winners, but to present honest quantitative facts about all the options.
    Thanks for the pointer. The full book is downloading right now. It's amusing that it was published on April 1st in North America. I'm not anti-nuclear. I'm cynical based on society's track record of short-term profit potential vs. long-term risk management. Sort of the same way I'd be cynical about handing a chainsaw to a 12 year old with ADD. The emphatic safety claims call to my mind claims of an Unsinkable Ship. It is my opinion that there is no simple, silver bullet solution. I would say this even applies to potential game changers such as aneutronic fusion of Hydrogen-Boron fuel through dense plasma focus. Lawrenceville Plasma Physics: Focus Fusion
  10. What should we do about climate change?
    Peter, thanks for pointing out ExternE. I would say a step in the right direction but as far as I could tell, so far lacking in the transparent review and audit processes of IPCC. (eg. for IPCC, I can see comments from every reviewer and editorial response). It's the nature of the subject that makes their references somewhat uninspiring and difficult to locate. While there is endless bitching in climate circles about access to primary data, it looks a lot worse in energy sector where I am guessing commercial concerns hamper access. Nonetheless, I am pleased to see cross-government funded research going into this and obviously attempts to create a reliable, trustworthy resource for policy makers. JMurpy and Eric - I am also a fan of that book. I've attempted to create the matching numbers for NZ.
  11. New podcast: The Climate Show
    thumbs uppppp!
  12. Geological Society discuss climate change evidence from the geological record
    TOP -"I haven't heard of any papers that reconstruct ocean albedo over these time frames or temperatures in the tropics." As always, try WG1 IPCC. Chapter 6. You will see there the relative forcings from albedo, sea level change, GHG, etc. Papers from which calculations were made in the references. Evaporation/convection/condensation moves heat around vertically and horizontally. The only way for energy to leave the earth is via radiation.
  13. Philippe Chantreau at 04:53 AM on 5 November 2010
    Geological Society discuss climate change evidence from the geological record
    Chriscanaris, quick review: when someone says a bunch of hogwash, calling the hogwash by its name does not constitute an ad-hom argument, so long as no comment is made on the person. When someone says anything (hogwash or not), accusing the person saying it of being bad, then using that to invalidate what they say constitute an ad-hom argument. For instance, when Monckton goes blaring that Prof. Abraham looks like a lobster in order to distract from Abraham's critics of his inconsistencies and inaccuracies, that constitutes an ad-hom.
  14. What should we do about climate change?
    Eric (skeptic) wrote : "I like that e-book and would recommend it for everyone." I agree, and the other message that I draw from the "every little bit" helps/doesn't help message (depending on what the 'little' refers to - not driving to the newsagents round the corner, for example, is a little sacrifice that would help) is that 'big bits' are more useful, if more of an effort - although, the 'little bits', being easier and taking less effort, are easier to sell to the public.
  15. Eric (skeptic) at 03:40 AM on 5 November 2010
    What should we do about climate change?
    #329, JMurphy, I like that e-book and would recommend it for everyone. My only quibble so far is some information is out of date e.g. "Modern phone chargers, when left plugged in with no phone attached, use about half a watt." That small problem no longer exists thanks to microwatt level phantom draw the last few years or zero in recent designs. But that merely reinforces the author's point which is very practical: "every little bit" does not help, it induces an artificial reality of "doing something" when in reality "doing nothing".
  16. The Grumble in the Jungle
    Rob, We know this "is the internet", "chewbacca" etc etc - these types of statements will only derail any discussion, I could indulge in such things as well. So you are pretty sure Nepstad 1994, 1999 and 2004 contain material that can support the IPCC statement? Well, firstly observe the Nepstadian: "The IPCC statement on the Amazon is correct, but the citations listed in the Rowell and Moore report were incomplete". How do you read this? There is a clear switch here. This is important because Nepstad, for the remainder of his press release, basically defends and explains concepts set out in his papers, as they relate to the rudimentary form they were in, when formulated in 1998, in the website and copied out in the *WWF report*, not the IPCC WGII report. This does not concern our question, speaking strictly. However, since you and many other before, have fallen for this switch, it does not do any harm to point out more explictly that the Nepstad papers deal with putative soil-moisture deprivation driven thresholds for *fire risk* - a simple fact you have consistently managed to overlook all the while now. This rather limited formulation -'climate fire risk' stemmed from the mid-late 90s when the Indonesian tropical peat fires spurred many researchers to study forest fires and ecologic conditions that would cause massive forest fires. One pathway studied was trying to identify a 'critical soil moisture threshold' at which vast tracts of forest just burn away. The fact remains that, even after all aforesaid studies, no such single mythical threshold level exists or has been found, for tropical forests like the Amazon. The fire risk concept is distantly related to, but quite distinct in substance from the IPCC formulation, which speaks of "drastic change" without ever specifying what the "change" is, continues to talk about the whole "tropical vegetation, hydrology and climate system" of the entire continent of South America potentially changing "very rapidly to another steady state". If this difference between the two cannot be acknowledged or reconciled, the more straightforward thing would be to simple admit that the IPCC made a mistake by using WWF material, however vaguely similar the resulting claim may look, to results from other lines of enquiry. Nepstad 1999 estimates fire risk and damage from logging. Nepstad 2004 estimates amount of forest at risk for fires, using soil moisture as a guide. If soil moisture loss were to actually cause half of the Amazon system to burn away, the forest would be long gone. Important ecophysiologic mechcanisms keep such an eventuality from transpiring, a fact that Nepstad and colleagues acknowledge in more recent publications. The Amazon WWF error and the Himalayan WWF error have many things in common. Passages were copied bulk from WWF reports, but their meaning was appropriately modified to make them sound relevant to climate change regional impacts. In the case of the Himalayan error, the number 2035 became a focal point of highlighting the statement's erroneousness. The Amazon statement has no single similar focus - an opportunity that has been exploited by Amazon researchers to defend the IPCC and their own exlanations from scrutiny. But the error remains nevertheless, because if you extract a similar claim from the Nepstad papers, or any similar reference, for that matter - it would come out different from what is to be found in the IPCC. I would also draw your attention to what commenter Mikemcc pointed out - these issues have been examined and discussed in far greater detail, at RealClimate, Wattsupwiththat (a thread where Nepstad commented), Climateaudit and Roger Pielke Jr's blog where Dr Ranga Myneni, Boston University put forth his comments, and several other blogs, including my own. Secondly, in framing its principles, "non-peer-reviewed" literature for the IPCC primarily meant industry reports and private sector sources - as the IPCC illustrates with an example of accessing material for case studies. The IPCC either never anticipated the use of environmental pressure group literature in its reports, or does not wish to confront the problem of authors doing so. RK Pachauri's statements suggest the latter - he has repeatedly argued that, for many areas of study, no adequate peer-reviewed literature is available and that grey literature from any source not be treated "as if it was some form of grey muddied water flowing down the drains". The issue is pretty clear: authors are supposed to "critically assess any source", reviewing the "quality and validity of each source", before proceeding. The WWF report, and therefore the Amazon statement from the IPCC, violates all these governing principles. If you want to make a claim present in the primary literature, do just that.
  17. New podcast: The Climate Show
    Great show guys, I look forward to watching more!
  18. What should we do about climate change?
    scaddenp wrote : "Whoa! this thread headed in political country but I dont think we need this." I agree. Peter Lang's conspiracy theories involving an all-powerful bunch of Lefties using AGW (or, even more horrifyingly, "DAGW") to take control of the world is just bizarre. Further discussion is about as useful as trying to persuade Monckton that Communism is not plotting world domination. Thankfully there are plenty of unbiased, non-ideological sources out there, including the following, which lays out all the options in a rational format : Sustainable Energy - without the hot air
  19. Geological Society discuss climate change evidence from the geological record
    ".....although the best estimate from the end of the last glacial is that the temperature probably started to rise a few centuries before the CO2 showed any reaction." p.4 And then it goes on to talk about the positive feedback from CO2 after the temperature had already risen. "This was accompanied by major climate change around the northern hemisphere, felt particularly strongly in the North Atlantic region. Each warm and cold episode took just a few decades to develop and lasted for a few hundred years. The climate system in those glacial times was clearly unstable and liable to switch rapidly with little warning between two contrasting states. These changes were almost certainly caused by changes in the way the oceans transported heat between the hemispheres." p.4 It was talking about 10C changes during an ice age. This could be looked at as statements of a rapid rate of change. I think the paper makes the point that the greenhouse effect is primarily due to the influence of gases in the atmosphere and didn't have anything to say about changes in albedo of the oceans. I haven't heard of any papers that reconstruct ocean albedo over these time frames or temperatures in the tropics. An ice age itself implies that massive amounts of energy have been removed from the oceans by evaporation/convection/condensation which kind of bypasses the greenhouse atmosphere. Finally, ranyl #41 made the comment, "Although they[sic] are no easy tasks as removing CO2 does mean stopping using fossil fuels" which is mistaken. Planting trees in the Sahara has been suggested as means to both remove all AGG and supply a growing population with food and building materials. This was suggested by the Weizmann Institute in Israel. Plant a tree already. This solution is no more difficult than stopping the use of fossil fuels and doesn't have the negative feedback of reducing food production.
  20. What should we do about climate change?
    Peter Lang #317: "You cannot compare on the basis of the raw numbers. You need to compare the subsidies on the basis of the amount of energy supplied." I cited that viewpoint, and explained why I consider it untrue, in the paragraph after the one you quoted. In short, I covered that point before you ever made it... yet here you are raising it again without bothering to answer my objection to it. Peter Lang #320: "We have to include the cost to make wind or solar able to provide power of equivalent quality and reliability. That means we need to include the cost of back up." I explained in the same post how wind and solar can be made reliable WITHOUT backup power plants. Add 'not reading what the other person says' to the list of things which prevent meaningful conversation with you.
  21. What should we do about climate change?
    I just noticed I made an error in my post #310. The corrected sentence reads: "This shows that subsidies (just the ones included in your source document) for wind energy are 6 times and for solar energy are 110 times the subsidies for nuclear per MWh supplied.
  22. Geological Society discuss climate change evidence from the geological record
    Agnostic, "Are you saying we have already sown the seeds of our own destruction?" The seeds are sown but hard times only inevitable if we ignore the situation and leave things to carry on as BAU rather than taking this seriously and initiating actions that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and putting in place plans to adapt to what is already likely to occur. Although they are no easy tasks as removing CO2 does mean stopping using fossil fuels in a very short time frame (political suicide) and predicting what is actually going to occur isn't easy as new weather patterns are emerging.
  23. What should we do about climate change?
    Many people do not realise why the cost of nuclear is so high in the western democracies. Look at this and you might understand why. Greenpeace can barely contain themselves: DV82XL at BNC says: ...rumor has it that Entergy Corp. will announce this week that it plans to sell the Vermont Yankee nuclear plant. Note that while the State of Vermont cannot rule on this plant’s license, (such things are a federal prerogative in the U.S.) the company that owns it is fed up with the State and and has decided that continuing to do business there is not worth the trouble.. How high does the investor risk premium have to be to cover for having your investment shut down by changing political environment. This was built under a poitical environment when it was wanted by the people. Investors were attracted on the basis of promises at the time. Now politcs has changed. The investors loose. Under such a suituation, it wil be difficult (i.e. very costly) to get investors to invest in nuclear again without a very large public sector swag of money, adn the public lose it first. That is one of the main reasons nuclear is so much more expensive than it should and could be in the western democracies.
  24. What should we do about climate change?
    scaddenp, I agree. I believe ExternE is the equivalent of IPCC regarding the comparison of the various electricity generation technologies. Google: "ExternE" for externailities "ExternE NEEDS" for costs, material requirements" "ExternE NewExt" for comparitive risk assessment
  25. What should we do about climate change?
    A little bit of trivia: "there’s more than ten times the nuclear energy available from the [uranium in] coal ash than there is chemical energy available from the coal."
  26. New podcast: The Climate Show
    John, This is the first time that I've heard your voice and seen your picture. I now feel that I can personally thank you for this wonderful site dedicated to debunking the nonsense of the contrarians. Bob Guercio
  27. New podcast: The Climate Show
    Excellent show and I'm looking forward to the next one! Bob Guercio
  28. Greenland ice mass loss after the 2010 summer
    @Protestant In the Arctic report card they also discuss the melt season (see my post at 30). Those data go back to 1979, and show that "Along the southwestern ice sheet, the number of melting days in August has increased by 24 days over the past 30 years". Not far enough back? OK, how about this study by Jiang et al. (2010) , which shows this: That graph shows the GRACE estimates of ice loss from the GIS along with estimates derived using two independent data sets. For example, shows an acceleration of ice loss from GIS over the period 1958-2007. Now most reasonable people would be concerned by the sudden increase in mass loss observed in recent decades and years. It is not deceptive to show all off the available GRACE data, and especially when scientists make the effort to place those observations in context as is shown in the above figure. We do not have to lose all the ice from the GIS for it to be a concern-- that is a classic argumentum ad absurdum. We have set in motion processes that are going to have some very undesirable impacts on future generations. According to Hansen et al. (2007): "Ice sheet demise may occur in pulses as additional ice sheets or portions of ice sheets (e.g. West Antarctica or the South Dome of Greenland) become vulnerable." And "It is difficult to predict time of collapse in such a nonlinear problem, but we find no evidence of millennial lags between forcing and ice sheet response in palaeoclimate data. An ice sheet response time of centuries seems probable, and we cannot rule out large changes on decadal time-scales once wide-scale surface melt is underway. With GHGs continuing to increase, the planetary energy imbalance provides ample energy to melt ice corresponding to several metres of sea level per century (Hansen et al. 2005b)"
  29. What should we do about climate change?
    Whoa! this thread headed in political country but I dont think we need this. Perhaps we need something like IPCC for advising governments about alternative energy that has assessments audited for BS and industry advocacy from any source firmly tied back to verifiable facts. I really miss the peer-review process in making sense of these competing claims. Like climate, government processes need to be reliably informed so they dont just depend on which lobby group has the best tactics. (Sounds like this might be asking a bit much in the US though where politics appears to have gone tribal).
  30. Greenland ice mass loss after the 2010 summer
    #44: "Note that todays instruments are VERY sharp" Yes, GRACE is sharp. But if you know anything about interpreting gravity data, the problem is complicated by isostatic rebound. Hence the differing interpretations -- which are not contradictory. See also the observation made by RH in #28. "Now you have just 8 years of data" Noooo. There's Arctic ice extent data back to 1972; the satellite ice mass data covers the last 8 years. The acceleration in ice loss is clear from extent as well as mass. Use the SkS search function 'Arctic ice loss' for context; the evidence of acceleration is overwhelming.
  31. What should we do about climate change?
    @Peter Lang: "We've discussed many of the issues already. "once it becomes cheaper to recycle the material rather than mine new uranium, whenever that is." I like how you claim that Nuclear power is needed *now* because renewables aren't ready, yet dismiss the waste problem as something that'll be solved by technology sometime in the future... "The waste from nuclear is no more toxic than the waste from other technologies." How do you expect anyone to take you seriously when you make claims like this? How is waste from wind or solar power more toxic than nuclear waste? "It appears their Pro-Renewable Anti-Nulcear (PRAN) beliefs are based on faith" Who said anything about being anti-nuclear? Why do you keep misrepresenting the position of people who oppose you? This type of strawman arguments has no place in an honest, rational debate. This is *exactly* the type of comments that make it sound as if you're shilling for the Nuclear industry. I'm not saying you are, but putting words into other people's mouths only proves you're more interested in pushing your message than finding the truth. As many have said before, it will take a mixed solution. Your one-sided advocacy for nuclear, though it may or may not be self-interested, is counter-productive.
  32. New podcast: The Climate Show
    Consider yourself asked back... ;-) No escape for you after your sterling effort in this show!
  33. What should we do about climate change?
    Stephen Baines, We've discussed many of the issues already. But they are continually regurgitated in the same sort of vacuous statments like: "Many people would prefer not to have to deal with a system that produces waste that requires a lot of babysitting (in some cases for centruries) and poses significant security risks over long intervals." 1. The 'waste' as you call it is once-used-nuclear-fuel. We've used just 1% of the available energy so far. It will be reused eventually, once it becomes cheaper to recycle the material rather than mine new uranium, whenever that is. 2. Only nuclear energy manages the toxic component of its waste. No other technology does. Why don't you do proper comparisons? 3. The waste from nuclear is no more toxic than the waste from other technologies. Furthermore, radioactive waste does decay over time. Most of the toxic chemicals released by other technologies do not decay. They last forever. Why don't you do proper comparisons - or refer to authoritative studies that have (such as ExternE)? 4. the quantities of waste from nuclear energy are miniscule compared with quantities from the alternatives that can provide our power (fossil fuels). They are also small compared with solar (per MWh generated over the life of the plant). I may have shown this picture before. The picture shows 16 canisters which hold all the once used nuclear fuel from the entire 31 years life of a now decommissioned NPP in New York state. The plant supplied 44 TWh of electricity. If that had been supplied by coal it would have released about 44 million tonnes of CO2, similar amount of mining waste, plus fly ash, particulates, heavy metals, benzenes, long chain hydrocarbons and about 10 tonnes of Uranium, all of which is released to the environment. If you are objective, as you think you are, why don't you do your homework before repeating all the anti-nuclear nonsense? If you are objective, as you think you are, why don't you tackle the organisatiosn that are blocking nuclear power? Why don't you (and the others that say they want to reduce emisisons) make a conserted effort to get these anti nuclear groups and political parties to change their anti-nuclear policies. I expect most here have never attmepted to do so, which suggests an inconsistency between what you claim and what you actually do.
  34. Geological Society discuss climate change evidence from the geological record
    ranyl (38) Are you saying we have already sown the seeds of our own destruction?
  35. What should we do about climate change?
    Stephen Baines, I am well aware of all that. It's not as if it hasn't been said a million times. The problem is that most of the general belief about nuclear, renewables, energy security, distributed electricity generation is wrong and it is being perpetrated here. Someone mentioned up thread we need to educate people about DAGW. Well, why doesn't that apply just as much to the misunderstandings about nuclear and renewables? If we want to cut emisisons, surely we need to educate people about what solutions are actually viable as oppsed to be wishful thinking. I'll pick on just one of your points: Also, while I tend to agree that we have some way to go to have renewable energies completely replace what we have, the fact is that some argue the NP/renewable divide as an either or scenario. I agree with this statement "the fact is that some argue the NP/renewable divide as an either or scenario." It is clearly true that environmental NGOs and Greens and most on the Left have tried to block nuclear totally. They do not want any of it. So clearly your statement is correct. It is not true that anyone has tried to block renewables, however. I want whatever is most economic. I argue that renewables, in most cases are uneconomic. They are economic in some situations, and where that is the case I strongly support their use.
  36. What should we do about climate change?
    CBDunkerson @303 No objections there... we just need to base 'economically rational' on actual costs vs fictional costs. I wholeheartedly agree with this statement. I believe that is what I am doing and I believe it is what the PRANs are not doing. For example, we cannot compare wind or solar with nuclear purely on the basis of $/MWh. We have to include the cost to make wind or solar able to provide power of equivalent quality and reliability. That means we need to include the cost of back up. Here is a comparison on the basis of average power (a very simplistic way to get a rough cost of energy for technologies where the upfront cost dominate). Nuclear = $4,500/kWy/y Wind (with gas back-up) = $11,800kWy/y wind with pumped hydro storage = $132,300/kWy/y This is admittedly simplistic, but the result is not too far off. Wind energy, when you include all the costs of the back-up required and all the extra costs of enhancing the grid to enable it to manage the fluctuating power supplied by wind and solar, costs around three times the cost of nuclear energy. The costs of energy storage at the scale required make it not viable now or probably ever. I'd urge people to try to see the big picture as a first step.
  37. Eric (skeptic) at 11:44 AM on 4 November 2010
    What should we do about climate change?
    #306, JMurphy, you posted another link about subsidies. This time they determined the full price for nuclear power taking into account all capital and operating costs, plus insurance against meltdown. A total of 21 cents per kWh. The German price from my link in #192 is 52 cents. Nuclear provides fully-costed power at 2/5ths of the price.
  38. Stephen Baines at 11:39 AM on 4 November 2010
    What should we do about climate change?
    At Peter Lang. I was following this debate with interest for a while. It has broken down a bit, but I think your leap from frustration to questioning the integrity of those who partake in climate science discussion at this site (including by extension John) is completely unecessary, logically unfounded and not even sensible given your desire to promote NP. This is the way I see it. Many people would prefer not to have to deal with a system that produces waste that requires a lot of babysitting (in some cases for centruries) and poses significant security risks over long intervals. Another simple fact is people fear radioactivity deeply. It has nothing to do with being an enviro anything. You should see the looks I get from parents and students (or my mother!) when I explain that I use it all the time in my research. The cold war seems to have etched that fear deeply in the minds of the public, in the same way that some seem to think that communists still exist and want to take over the world. Others also hope for a decentralized structure for power distribution rather than a centralized one, for a number of reasons. There might be a personal preference for the independence that implies, maybe there's a distruct of centralized political power that results from such structures, or a distrust that risks will be evaluated fairly once we're committed to it (I tend to share that view!) or maybe a sense that distributed systems would be more resilient, though difficult to engineer. These are legitimate concerns, though some are very hard to argue against, I admit. Finally, many think that renewable energy alternatives have not received the investment that other more centralized forms of power distribution have. We haven't seen that kind of funding for those technologies, and people want to see them given a far chance. I think you tend to undersell there potential a bit. Also, while I tend to agree that we have some way to go to have renewable energies completely replace what we have, the fact is that some argue the NP/renewable divide as an either or scenario. That typically hardens stances. All that has nothing to do with the goal of this site - which is to discuss the scientific bases underpinning our role in climate dynamics.
  39. What should we do about climate change?
    CBDunkerson @303 None of this seems remotely accurate to me. Subsidies on renewable energy have been tiny. If you add it all up renewable power gets LESS public funding than nuclear... and those two combined are insignificant compared to the subsidies fossil fuels have received. You cannot compare on the basis of the raw numbers. You need to compare the subsidies on the basis of the amount of energy supplied. See post #310.
  40. What should we do about climate change?
    JMurphy @306. You suggested the readers should "chew on" the Mark Jocobson paper: A Path to Sustainable Energy by 2030 - Scientific American Nov 2009. Chew on and spit out is all that paper is worth. It is nonsense. You might like to chew on just one of the many critiques. Critique of a path to sustainable energy by 2030
  41. What should we do about climate change?
    I have not questioned your veracity, integrity or credibility in this thread. I therefore bid you a good day.
  42. Stephen Baines at 11:04 AM on 4 November 2010
    Greenland ice mass loss after the 2010 summer
    @ protestant First, we only have only 8 years of good data. You have to take what you can get. Second, the point of the 30 year trend averages in temp data that "people" insist on is that climate varies significantly because of El Nino and other internal dynamics, as well as volcano eruptions. Looking at shorter time series can reveal short-term increases or decreases that are irrelevant to the longterm overall increasing trend. Now, looking at this series(and the CO2 series for that matter) can you really doubt the existence of a trend? There is a very repeatable seasonal signal, but other than that the decrease is virtually monotonic. Finally, I take the point that its hard to know the exact rate at which melting is increasing given the length of this time series, but is it really so unbelievable that melting rate will increase if temperatures get warmer? And while the rate of melting is not something to worry about now in and of itself, the point is that we don't actually want it to get to the point that it does matter. If a doubling of melting has occured over 8 years, that would be troubling to me. It's worth keeping a very close eye on rather than simply dismissing it.
  43. Greenland ice mass loss after the 2010 summer
    Actually, protestant, no-one has said trends shorter than 30 years are not allowed-all that has been said is that trends shorter than about 15-20 years tend to lack statistical significance. Yet that never stopped the "skeptics" from claiming there was a cooling trend from 1998-2008(even though no such trend existed). However, whenever it suits them, the skeptics are quite happy to drag out "statistical significance" as a means of refuting the trends that don't suit them. Statistically significant or not, even Blind Freddy can look at the graph above & see a downward trend in the Greenland Ice Mass!
  44. What should we do about climate change?
    Credibility and Integrity Regarding the many comments about credibility and implied lack of integrity, I similarly have little faith in the credibility and integrity of many who participate here. It appears to me these people believe what they want to believe and dig around to try to get evidence that supports their belief. It appears their Pro-Renewable Anti-Nulcear (PRAN) beliefs are based on faith, rather than objective analysis. I wonder whether they have used the same approach to support their other strongly held beliefs. The demonstration on this thread of their phobia about nuclear power, tends to make me suspect such people’s beliefs and opinions about other faiths they hold so dear may not be objective either. If the PRANs want to regain credibility with me, they would need to do the objective research on how the world can cut emissions by the extent advocated; show how it can be done at least cost to the world ecoomy; and show how the proposed solution is practical (clearly getting an international, economically efficient ETS is not possible at the moment and may not be for a long time).
  45. What should we do about climate change?
    Re: Peter Lang (311) You left out the Don Quixote Society. I tilt at them all the time. As for my unlamented credibility, I think I shall still sleep well at night. The Yooper
  46. Stephen Baines at 10:26 AM on 4 November 2010
    Hockey stick or hockey league?
    The comment above now makes no sense...giving the offending post is now gone. My apologies.
  47. Stephen Baines at 10:24 AM on 4 November 2010
    Hockey stick or hockey league?
    @ protestant: How is it arrogant to plot those through time to see if they agree with records of past temperature? John has explicitly defined what he means by radiative forcings in the figure, so he's not being disengenuous. He is simply making the assertion (or repeating what has been asserted in the literature) that we do understand the main drivers of climate. He then produces a time series that represents a hypotheses for patterns of past climate change based on that assertion that can be tested against paleo data. This is what science is supposed to do. Present assertions or hypotheses and test them. Are you suggesting that we don't do so for fear of appearing arrogant? That would seem to be an abrogation of responsibility and lack of concern that itself would be a far worse form of arrogance, IMO. Also, I don't think climate oscillations from air-sea interactions can be classified as climate forcings in the typical sense -- they can't drive the climate permanently in one direction of the other. Rather they are redistributions of heat back and forth between the atmosphere and ocean. They can add to variability for sure. But much of variability on that scale has been filtered out of both the temp and the proxy data sets by a 40-year smoothing filter. That is intended to allow the comparisons among the temp records and the proxy data to be more apples to apples, rather than apples to oranges. The thermometer record on the graph that alarms you is for northern temperate land records (CRUTEMP3). The proxies in this particular graph are from that region of the globe so it makes sense to compare these temps to those proxies. That record shows more change in temp (~0.8) than the global average due to it being over land and in the northern hemisphere. You can also see the HADCRUT3 records that combine land and sea surface temps and they are, predictably, lower than the CRUTEMP data. Finally, you have it backwards in the end. The proxies do not confirm the paleo record. The paleo records are consistent with the notion that we understand the main forces driving climate, and that current GHG forcing is causing that forcing (and climate) to diverge from the trend of the last 2 centuries. The fact that the proxies are indirect measures that are sensitive to local conditions and some other factors, I think it's impressive that we can recover the patterns predicted from climate forcing reconstructions (recent warming, LIA, some medieval warming).
  48. What should we do about climate change?
    Daniel Bailey, @309 you said: I agree that NP should be a primary (short term and long term) replacement for fossil fuels. If you want to recover any of your lost credibility with me you will lay out here what efforts you have and are putting into trying to convert the the anti-nuclear, pro renewables policies of Greenpeace, WWF, FoE, and the Greens.
  49. What should we do about climate change?
    Bibliovermis @307 You quoted figures for US government subsidies for 2006. I have several observations after a very quick scan of the article you linked to: 1. It seems the main subsidies for wind and solar are not included. These are the cost that must be paid because wind and solar are mandated by government. They are “must take” generators (that is the utilities much purchase whatever they generate). There are also costs imposed on purchasers by feed in tariffs and by mandating the amount of energy that must be purchased. These amount to 100% to 150% mandated subsidy for wind energy and in the order of 1,000% subsidy for solar energy. In Australia we have guaranteed feed in tariffs for solar which are up to ten times the cost of power from conventional power stations. And that subsidy is guaranteed for 20 years. And we have and Renewable Energy Certificates (REC). Similar regulations exist in USA., Canada, UK, EU. None of those subsidies are included in the analysis you provided (as far as I can see). 2. You quoted the total amount of subsidies by technology. But you did not normalise these amounts by dividing by the amounts of electricity generated? Why not? If you had done so the figures you would have provided would have been: Estimated Federal Energy Subsidies in 2006 Techno;ogy $/MWh Nuclear: $1.42 Wind: $8.22 Solar: $156.33 Hydro: $1.05 Coal: $1.29 Oil & Gas: $3.61 This shows that subsidies (just the ones included in you source document) for wind energy are 8 times and for solar energy are 130 times the subsidies for nuclear per MWh supplied. 3. If you divided by the real value of the energy generated (solar and wind power is near valueless because it is not dispatchable and because of the extra cost required to manage it), then the subsidies for wind and solar are near infinite per $ value of the energy supplied by these technologies. Your post appears to me to be an attempt to mislead the readers. This is why I doubt the integrity and credibility of many posting here, and have shown a sense of frustration in some of my replies to some people, regretfully sometimes these responses have been addressed to the wrong person. Sources: Government Financial Subsidies IEA, Electricity and heat for USA, 2007
  50. Geological Society discuss climate change evidence from the geological record
    Re: chriscanaris (17) In large part I think you are off-base a bit with your points about Marcus' comment. Calling a spade a spade is not ad hominem. When someone posts a comment that is wrong, it is then not wrong to point out the error. Where I think you have a bit of a point is in the bit about accusations of fraud and deception. In the process of pointing out error, sometimes it is in the error itself where fraud and deception may lie. "Skeptics" repetition of errors so soundly debunked that every subsequent re-emergence of the meme requires a "rebunking" of the myth rises to the level of fraud/deception on the part of the "skeptic". So in the case of Marcus' calling out of thingadonta, as pointed out by several, the meme being called out has been rebunked many times. In this case, I would posit allowing for a human reaction of vexation on the part of Marcus in his wording of his comment and let it go by. Note: I do not use "" when applying the appellation of skeptic to you, chris. For the most part, I find you to be internally consistent in your skepticism. I'll win you over to the side of light someday. ;) The Yooper

Prev  2094  2095  2096  2097  2098  2099  2100  2101  2102  2103  2104  2105  2106  2107  2108  2109  Next


The Consensus Project Website

THE ESCALATOR

(free to republish)


© Copyright 2024 John Cook
Home | Translations | About Us | Privacy | Contact Us