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Comments 59451 to 59500:

59451. Alex C at 08:53 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Bob Tisdale: I've been looking through the interwebs to see if I could find anything on the GISS Model ER simulations past 2003 to see whether or not the straight-line extrapolation is an accurate estimation of what the models actually said would happen. I came across a post at Troy's, you commented there so I think you might be familiar: http://troyca.wordpress.com/2011/10/06/giss-er-and-ocean-heat-content/ I think that, in the absence of a more formal showing of the model output (and since I don't see any reason to suspect Troy has done anything wrong in his plotting), this should serve as a useful tool for all of us to see how the models predicted the past decade. The straight-line extrapolation that you use (and RealClimate and others) appears to be a pretty accurate estimation of the model output over the last decade, so I don't see any reason to stand by the opinion that you're misrepresenting the model output. However, the model output starting after 2004 does not appear to actually be based on known data, but the A1B scenario specifications. To compare the model output to the observations makes the assumption that our climate system has seen comparable forcing to A1B, which isn't obvious is the case since again we had an increased aerosol effect, a prolonged solar minimum through 2008/2009, for instance. I can't see how the model's A1B output is any better than the linear extrapolation, because it is just as physically unrepresentative of the past decade. Feedback on this of course appreciated, from anyone that might have anything else to add on to this as well.
59452. Alex C at 07:37 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Bob Tisdale: Your graph of the tropical Pacific is not accurate, and I find it strange you would think anyone would think that two different datasets would have *identical* anomalies, even taking into account the guaranteed offset since the 0-2000m dataset must necessarily have higher OHC than 0-700m. Where are you getting your data? I have obtained it from the exact same source you referenced me to at WUWT, here: 700m: http://climexp.knmi.nl/data/ien3_ohc700_120-280E_-24-24N_n.dat 2000m: http://climexp.knmi.nl/data/ien3_ohc2000_120-280E_-24-24N_n.dat These are the two datasets plotted against each other over the time frame you have given. I zeroed both to a 1970-1995 baseline. http://i47.tinypic.com/2aflv0h.png 0-700 is in red, 0-2000 is in blue. They are not the same datasets, contrary to what you posted. You posted the exact same data overlaid, I'm curious why.
59453. muoncounter at 07:27 AM on 1 June 2012
       Models are unreliable
       Clyde#521: "I might have more trust in the models if i knew the scientist running them had expertise in computer modeling." How do you know they do not have such expertise - or do not have available those who do? It would appear you missed this model quality-check from the Intermediate version of this argument. If your argument with computer models is that 'scientists don't know how to program,' that song is old and tired. I suggest you look here or here. If your argument is 'you can't trust a computer model,' I suggest you look here to see how computer models impact medicine and here to see how pervasive computer models are. If you distrust modeling so much, be prepared to give up a lot of what we now take for granted as part of our 'quality of life.'
59454. scaddenp at 07:15 AM on 1 June 2012
       Dear Heartland, Stop using Arthur Robinson's Trick to Hide the Incline
       Past temperatures have to be derived from proxy data of various kinds. Historical (pre-thermometer) records are of much use for evaluating the significance of these proxies. ie is the temperature record in proxy consistent with historical accounts or is it too localised to be of use). See for example Ljungquist 2010 for proxies.
59455. Rob Painting at 06:08 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Alby @30 - Yes there is a great deal of difference between the Levitus and Lyman methodologies. This was discussed in one of Lyman's papers, and touched upon in Von Schuckmann & Le Traon (2011). Levitus infills missing data with the average, whereas Lyman interpolates from adjacent measurements. Levitus' method will tend to underestimate changes as the anomalies relax toward zero. AFAIK there is no agreement yet on which is the better approach.
59456. DSL at 05:46 AM on 1 June 2012
       Models are unreliable
       Clyde, your (now deleted) Arctic comment has been responded to on a more appropriate thread.
59457. DSL at 05:42 AM on 1 June 2012
       Arctic icemelt is a natural cycle
       I'd invite Clyde to Neven's site, where such issues are the meat of daily discussion and where offering one's personal models is encouraged. The daily graphs page is a good bookmark as well. You're right, though: you'll get hammered for not addressing the carefully measured data and instead relying on a relative handful of newspaper reports, many that report from small areas of the Arctic. Note that Zwally said "at this rate," and if he was thinking of the drop from 2006 to 2007 that's certainly true: a drop of 1.5 million sq km in minimum extent per year would definitely have the summer free of ice by 2012. However, "at this rate" is the simplest model, and I'm sure that Zwally would never bet on it--not in 2007. As extreme as the 2007 extent was, it's been beat by 2011, and 2012, after a bizarre spring, is now racing down at a rate that may be unprecedented over the last 30 years. Volume set a record low in 2011 as well, and 2012 is tracking almost dead on top of 2011.
59458. Jim Eager at 05:37 AM on 1 June 2012
       Models are unreliable
       Well, since Clyde refuses to acknowledge all the things that climate models have gotten right, and that they are useful for understanding how climate behaves in the present and will behave in the future, or that scientists can even be competent climate modelers, and is now directing people to Jo Nova's site to support his argument, as per the moderator's request I hereby defer my right of reply to anyone else wishing to waste their time continuing the discussion with him.
59459. Rob Painting at 05:25 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Bob Tisdale@ 28 - No I did not miss either of those points, in fact upcoming posts make those issues very explicit because they help elucidate the observations. The most significant effect human pollution aerosols have is their influence on cloud formation processes. And yes, I fully expect the global brightening trend over the 1990's played a part in the faster rate of ocean warming over that interval. It seems to be consistent with both the observations and our physics-based understanding. For instance, how does one explain the near-linear trend in sea level rise over the last two decades? The contribution of meltwater from both the Greenland and Antarctic icesheets has accelerated yet sea level rise hasn't - this implies the thermal component (ocean warming) has slowed when compared to the decade prior to 2003. I, for one, do have reservations about the ocean models, but it's for other reasons. They are after all imperfect, but useful, approximations of the real world.
59460. Clyde at 05:21 AM on 1 June 2012
       Models are unreliable
       Sorry about the post above. More evidence the computer models are not good at predicting future climate change. One minor "type O" & things come out wrong.
59461. Clyde at 05:09 AM on 1 June 2012
       Models are unreliable
       Jim Eager 516 I guessing if you had a peer reviewed paper you would give credit to all who helped in writing of the paper IE any folks who had been computer modelers by trade. My definition of a computer modeler would be somebody who's primary job was making computer models. I might have more trust in the models if i knew the scientist running them had expertise in computer modeling. So yes i would prefer the scientist give the data they want modeled to somebody who's primary job is computer modelling. No i wouldn't bet my life on computer model predictions. My using the betting of life is not a good thing to do IMO. My apologies to all. (-Snip-)
       Moderator Response: [DB] Off-topic snipped.
59462. Clyde at 05:04 AM on 1 June 2012
       Models are unreliable
       Bob Loblaw 512 I have no idea if Pielke Sr is right or wrong when he issued the challenge. All i know is if anybody has taken him up on it he hasn't posted it..at least not yet. The link below is not the challenge (I'll try to find it later) but has several peer reviewed papers casting doubt on predicting future climate based on computer models. Read more here. I've read articles that Kevin Trenberth has a theory where the "missing heat" went. Another example of the models not being very accurate. How can you just a model[s] that missed 10 years of heat? My first try with the hyperlink deal. Hoping this works.
59463. Clyde at 05:01 AM on 1 June 2012
       Models are unreliable
       I appreciate all the help everybody is giving. I can't reply to everybody. Thanks to the moderator who has ask the "dogpiling" be kept down. Bob Loblaw 510 Which is harder/more complicated - Writing code for GCM or writing HTML codes for a website?
59464. Albatross at 03:54 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Daniel, Thank you very much! I'm almost too scared to ask how you did that ;)
59465. Albatross at 03:53 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Hi Rob @25, To continue from where the post went missing: ....and that is ignoring for the moment the dicey practise of making sweeping generalizations (as certain contrarians are doing) based on the analysis of less than 10 years of data when we are dealing with an inherently noisy system. Even though the model output after 2003 has not been using the most up to date forcings, the descrepancies are actually not nearly as large as claimed by some. The amount of disagreement also depends on the depth range being considered, and which analysis one is using whether it be the method of Lyman et al. (2010), Levitus et al. (2012) or Hamon et al. (2012). Yet, the "skeptics" choose to take one analysis product as "truth". Regardless, this strawman argument that have been getting some people so excited may very likely be moot once the models are run using the latest forcings for CMIP5 (i.e., the model runs for the next IPCC asessment report). Not only that, but it seems that this red herring that "skeptics" are floating is to try and distract people from the fact that the climate system is continuing to accumulate heat. I am also very curious why contrarians are so reluctant to use the 0-2000 m data from Levitus et al. (2012) [which incorporates the ARGO data] when they are freely available on the web, [Source]
       Moderator Response: [DB] I was able to restore your missing portion of your previous comment.
59466. Tom Smerling at 02:56 AM on 1 June 2012
       Richard Alley's Air Force Ostrich
       Moving right along.... These EOM clips starring Richard Alley are real gems. This is the "state of the art" for climate communication. Nobody says it better. Bloggers: Upon request, this week EOM enabled copying of the embed codes from their YouTube page. So now you can copy the embed code for any of EOM's 67 short clips from EOM's YoutTube channel, and simply paste the code directly into your blog post.
59467. Albatross at 02:50 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Rob @25, Gavin Schmidt did show those model data through 2010 in a presentation, but those model output data after 2003 were not generated using the updated forcings. Note how well the GISS-EH model does for most of the record (up until 2003), but that is when it was run using the best estimates of the actual forcings for 1880-2003. So the model output after 2003 did not take into consideration the recent extended and deep solar minimum, nor did it take into account the significant increase in aerosol loading, for example. And that is ignoring for the moment the dicey practise of making sweeping generalizations (as certain contrarians are doing) based on the analysis of
       Moderator Response:

       [Albatross] Somehow the second half of my post disappeared. I'll do my best to reproduce the original.

       [DB] Text and graphic restored. And don't ask how. ;)

59468. Bob Tisdale at 02:44 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Sphaerica: Thanks for the link. Rob Painting: Thanks for suggesting I look into Hatzianastassiou et al (2012). Somehow you missed the fact that the aerosol contribution to surface solar radiation (the SSR in the graphs you posted) was considered by the authors to be secondary to clouds. And you also missed the fact that the authors concluded it was a two way street, with the increase in surface solar radiation during the 1990s contributing to the warming then.
       Moderator Response:

       [DB] Somehow you missed the link to the Updated Comments Policy, with its strictures against inflammatory tone being especially relevant.

       Note that dialogue here is best-considered a two-way street, with an observance of the Comments Policy being given more than a passing nod.

59469. dana1981 at 02:08 AM on 1 June 2012
       Nordhaus Sets the Record Straight - Climate Mitigation Saves Money
       Peter Lang - I see no sources for your numbers. If you wish to be taken seriously, you have to provide sources for your figures which can be back-checked.
59470. Bob Lacatena at 02:05 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Bob, See here (correct name is N. Hatzianastassiou)
59471. Bob Tisdale at 00:00 AM on 1 June 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Rob Painting: Regarding your 22:59 PM on 31 May, 2012 comment, Glenn Tamblyn’s comment at WUWT reflects his lack of understanding of the subject at hand. My reply to him is here: http://wattsupwiththat.com/2012/05/30/dana-nuticellis-skeptical-science-ohc-grapple-down-for-the-count/#comment-997765 It reads: Glenn Tamblyn says: “When in fact you have no idea what the GISS model predicts for 2004-2012. They haven’t modelled it. you are simply assuming that if they were run for that latter period they would predict exactly the same trend as they did for the previous decade.” Of course they have modeled it as part of the models they submitted to the CMIP3 archive. Gavin simply elects not to include it in his presentation at RealClimate. Why? His answer from this post: http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2009/12/updates-to-model-data-comparisons/ There he writes, “Another figure worth updating is the comparison of the ocean heat content (OHC) changes in the models compared to the latest data from NODC. Unfortunately, I don’t have the post-2003 model output handy, but the comparison between the 3-monthly data (to the end of Sep) and annual data versus the model output is still useful.” And he continues, “(Note, that I’m not quite sure how this comparison should be baselined. The models are simply the difference from the control, while the observations are ‘as is’ from NOAA). I have linearly extended the ensemble mean model values for the post 2003 period (using a regression from 1993-2002) to get a rough sense of where those runs could have gone.” And what does the GISS Model-ER mean look like through 2010? It looks like a trend extrapolated from 1993-2003: http://i52.tinypic.com/3536rsm.jpg Refer to the discussion of Figure 3 in my post here: http://bobtisdale.wordpress.com/2011/06/14/giss-ohc-model-trends-one-question-answered-another-uncovered/ Rob, with respect to the graphs you provided, do you have a link to the paper? Google provides zero returns for the name Hatzianastissou.
59472. Rob Painting at 22:59 PM on 31 May 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Bob, Glenn Tamblyn has pointed out perhaps the most egregious flaw in your posts. You complain that the models don't match reality over the period in question, and yet you present no evidence of the GISS simulations over that period. Consider for a moment the global aerosol trend for much of that interval, from Hatzianastissou (2011): A large dimming is apparent in the Southern Hemisphere, which of course is predominately ocean. If these aerosol estimates are the basis for GISS modeling over the period in question, we'd expect a noticeably slower rate of ocean warming in the upper 700 metres in the model runs. Thus far you seem to be arguing a strawman.
59473. CBDunkerson at 22:45 PM on 31 May 2012
       IEA CO2 Emissions Update 2011 - the Good News and the Bad
       Peter42, unfortunately the situation you describe is a false dilemma. That is, we do not have to choose between cheap energy and clean energy. The dramatic drop in solar power costs during the brief window while it looked like the age of cheap fossil fuel power was ending proves that energy which is cheap and clean is entirely possible. We could have had current solar technology decades ago if R&D had been adequately funded... but there was no political will to do so because a cheap alternative already existed. The problem now is that we've gone from a situation where global 'grid parity' for solar power seemed inevitable before the end of the current decade to one where we again have an abundant cheap alternative and thus could potentially stop pursuing further improvements in solar power. On the up side there are some places where solar grid parity has already been achieved and which cheap shale gas won't impact. Hawaii, for example, has historically gotten most of its electricity from oil because coal and natural gas are too expensive to ship over the ocean. Using oil for electricity generation is fairly expensive and Hawaii is a sunny place... so solar power dropped below grid prices in Hawaii a couple of years ago. A new boom in shale gas won't change that. So Hawaii and various other places where solar is already below grid parity will likely continue transitioning over to solar power. Hopefully that ongoing local development will be enough to continue driving down costs to the point that solar costs become cheaper than fossil fuels globally.
59474. Bob Tisdale at 20:55 PM on 31 May 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Tom Curtis says at 09:16 AM on 31 May, 2012: “The graph was produced by Bob Tisdale, whose analysis is normally massively flawed, so I am not providing a link.” You presented obsolete NODC OHC data from a 3-year-old May 13, 2009 post. The NODC has updated their dataset twice since then. Is there any reason you presented obsolete data? Also, my website requests that you provide a link to the post when using a graph. You failed to do that. (snipped link to graphs no longer displayed) Your claim that my “analysis is normally massively flawed” is baseless. And you’ve expressed your misunderstandings in the rest of your comment. The variations in tropical Pacific OHC are in fact a function of ENSO, but there is no difference in tropical Pacific OHC for depths of 0-700m and 0-2000m: http://i46.tinypic.com/dbi51j.jpg The data contradicts your claim of “greater conduction of water to the depths, and hence an overall cooling of the surface waters (0-700 meters).” BTW, 0-700 meters is not the surface. And did you mean subducted? Also, you must not have looked very hard for a paper that discusses the additional variability of the North Atlantic OHC. Lozier et al (2008) “The Spatial Pattern and Mechanisms of Heat-Content Change in the North Atlantic” identifies the NAO as the driver of decadal North Atlantic OHC variability. Link: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/319/5864/800?rss=1 Have a nice day!
       Moderator Response: TC: Link snipped as the graphs have been removed and the link is no longer required for copyright reasons.
59475. curiousd at 18:42 PM on 31 May 2012
       Renewables can't provide baseload power
       Thank you for the comment, Michael Sweet. In my college class on elementary Physics of the Environment, I have the students read articles on the politics of power transmission and have them write little essays. If you want to read something that would make you tear your hair, you might try: "Debate on Clean Energy Leads to Regional Divide" by M. Wald in the New York Times, July 13, 2009. To avoid depressing the young students unduly I focus on some environmental progress outside the U.S.
59476. Peter Lang at 17:44 PM on 31 May 2012
       Nordhaus Sets the Record Straight - Climate Mitigation Saves Money
       Nordhaus (2008) has made it clear that climate mitigation strategies can only be successful when and if the world acts in unison. The assumptions are that the world implements an economically efficient CO2 pricing system in unison. ‘Economically efficient’ means: negligible leakage, negligible fraud, negligible compliance cost and all emissions sources are included in the pricing. Clearly that is impracticable and not realistic. It is not going to happen in the foreseeable future. Nordhaus estimates that if the countries that contribute half the emissions participate in an economically efficient scheme, the cost penalty would be 250%. Firstly, the economically efficient part is practically impossible. Secondly, even if an economically efficient scheme was possible (it is not) countries are not going to participate given they would have to pay a 250% premium to carry the free loaders. The situation for Australia with its Clean Energy Future legislation (i.e. CO2 tax transitioning to an ETS) is estimated to be as follows: Cost = $1,345 billion (undiscounted) or $390 billion (discounted at 4.35% pa) cumulative to 2050 based on Treasury estimates. (However, the Treasury estimates do not include the full compliance cost of the scheme that will be required, so the cost is probably an underestimate). Benefit = $41 billion (discounted at 4.35% pa) cumulative to 2050 if Australia is part of an economically efficient international scheme where the whole world acts in unison. In this case, the costs are about nine times more than the benefits Benefit = ~$0 if Australia’s system is not part of a coordinated international scheme. In this case the costs are $390 billion (probably much more) and the benefits are effectively zero.
59477. chriskoz at 17:42 PM on 31 May 2012
       2012 SkS Weekly Digest #21
       A very on topic to this thread (this weekend) news: Half of Germany Was Running on Solar Power. It's directed to USA, and I guess it wants to be an "eye-opener" for people in USA with the numbers in the blue bar. Anyone wants to comment about those numbers? Especially what do they count as by solar subsidies & fossil fuel subsidies how do they arrive at the outcome that solar energy would have been cheaper than "grid power*" if subsidies were equal?
59478. Peter42 at 16:57 PM on 31 May 2012
       Dear Heartland, Stop using Arthur Robinson's Trick to Hide the Incline
       Mark Boslough's forensic paper is very interesting, as are the charts he discusses, which include in their timescales the Medieval Warm Period and the Roman Warm Period. These periods are often noted in discussions about today's land temperatures in particular. We do have historical accounts, but what data do we currently have that can provide more information about the temperatures of those times for various locations? How can we quantify those historical accounts?
59479. macoles at 16:29 PM on 31 May 2012
       Ian Plimer Pens Aussie Geologist Gish Gallop #2 of the Week
       The section "Misrepresentation of the Australian Carbon Pricing System" applies not just to Plimer, but to nearly all the Liberal aligned commentators I've seen in the Australian media. An examination of the Clean Energy Bill (Securing a Clean Energy Future - Appendix C: Fiscal tables) shows the following budget for the fixed price "Carbon Tax" period (first 3 years): Forward estimates (Total to 2014-15 period, rounded numbers) Total Revenue = $27.3 Billion Total Spending = $31.2 Billion Spending breakdown: Household assistance measures = $15.4 Billion Support for jobs (Industry assistance including free permits) = $10.3 Billion Energy security and transformation = $3 Billion Land and biodiversity measures = $1.2 Billion Clean Energy Finance Corporation = $0.9 Billion Governance = $0.4 Billion So unless the government cancels other existing "green" schemes (because of real or perceived duplication) then the CEF package actually costs the government $3.9 Billion over three years. The only plausible criticism of the CEF package is that low incomes earners will be overcompensated via the "Household assistance measures", and that could be seen as vote buying.
59480. Mark Boslough at 11:59 AM on 31 May 2012
       Dear Heartland, Stop using Arthur Robinson's Trick to Hide the Incline
       Sorry for my slow response. To CoalGeologist: Very good observation. The station "S" data that Lloyd Keigwin plotted in his 1996 paper was averaged in a different way than the data that Willie Soon sent me (which is what the Robinsons had). The hydrographic data were obtained every two weeks, but there are a lot of dropouts, especially in the '50s (and I think there was a funding lapse in the '70s with a long dropout). In one case each measurement anomaly was given equal weight, which is not really a proper way to do a time average. In another case the anomaly was calculated for each calendar month, and then the months were averaged. Still not a very good way to do it. But that's the data that was given to the Robinsons. I obtained the raw data (individual measurements) and did a time-weighted anomaly average just to see what it would look like. That reduces the scatter a lot, but there is still a similar increasing trend. It is worth noting that using calendar years is arbitrary. If we used climatological year, or some season-based year, we'd get different annual anomalies but the long-term trend would be the same. With regard to the 7th diagram, the "stated method" was “A value of 0.25 °C, which is the change in Sargasso Sea temperature between 1975 and 2006, has been added to the 1975 data in order to provide a 2006 temperature value.” But if you look at the 1975 temperature (the value that the Robinson's had) you can see that this is not what they actually plotted. To oldfueler: I didn't bother to analyze the solar irradiance graph. As my friend David Morrison once said, “Pseudoscience is like spoiled food; you don't have to eat it all to know something is badly wrong. Just a few bites will do."
59481. scaddenp at 11:28 AM on 31 May 2012
       In Search Of: Himalayan Ice Loss
       Wombat. :-) Maybe DM should have said Mass change. Reminds me of modelling team crossing the Scottish border and looking out the window at a black cow. Engineer: "Look, cows in Scotland are black". Physicist: "No, we can only ascertain that there is at least one black cow in Scotland". Mathematician: "No, you can only ascertain that there is at least one cow in Scotland who has at least one side that is black".
59482. scaddenp at 10:46 AM on 31 May 2012
       IEA CO2 Emissions Update 2011 - the Good News and the Bad
       If you are concerned about alleviating poverty then how about the little problem that changing climate will likely adversely affect the poor in many places much more strongly than those who created the problem in the first place? A fairer solution is let underdeveloped places advance with cheaper energy while the developed economies (which are responsible for most of the excess CO2 in the atmosphere see here for detail) rapidly re-carbonise and develop the new technologies for energy.
59483. scaddenp at 10:35 AM on 31 May 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       It should also be noted that rising CO2 isnt the only thing going on. There are also changes in solar and aerosols.
59484. Sceptical Wombat at 10:30 AM on 31 May 2012
       In Search Of: Himalayan Ice Loss
       GRACE imagery found mass losses of -264 mm/a for the 2003-2009 period (Matsuo and Heki, 2010) We wombats (especially those of us with mathematics degrees) are a literal bunch of marsupials. To me a negative mass loss means a gain. Is that what you are saying? If so why not just call it a gain. If not it would be helpful if you removed the minus sign. Thanks
59485. Tom Curtis at 09:16 AM on 31 May 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       BMAONE23 @20, the following graph is from the OHC data from Levitus 2009: (snip) The graph was produced by Bob Tisdale, whose analysis is normally massively flawed, so I am not providing a link. However, SFAIK he does not misrepresent data. Looking at the graph, it is very clear that the hiatus in 0-700 meter OHC (Ocean Heat Content) is a result of events in the Pacific, which as been declining since 2002, and the Atlantic, which has been declining rapidly since 2003. The decline in the Pacific is, I believe, fairly well understood. The Peak and decline around 1998 give the clue that the decrease in surface OHC is related to ENSO. Basically, in the tropical Pacific, trade winds blow cold water brought to the tropics by the Humboldt Current across the surface of the Pacific. If the trade winds are particularly strong, they are pushed over warm water from the Pacific Warm Pool, forcing those waters to depths of up to 300 meters. Because warm water is much deeper, there is a much stronger temperature gradient between that water and the depths, resulting in much greater conduction of water to the depths, and hence an overall cooling of the surface waters (0-700 meters). Other members of SkS have read up on this more carefully than me, and so no doubt they can supplement or correct my details, but that is the basic story. The situation in the Altantic is quite different, and I am not aware of any peer reviewed discussion of the mechanism as yet. Never-the-less, I think the reason is readily apparent. Specifically, the large reduction surface OHC is much stronger in the far north Atlantic: (snip) Again the explanation seems ready to hand. Specifically, fresh water is not as dense as sea water, and has its peak density at 4 degrees C (which is the reason ice floats): Given this, an increased ice melt from Greenland would result in a pool of very cold nearly fresh water on the surface of the North Atlantic. The result would be that the warmer, but very salty water flowing north would sink earlier than it had, resulting in warmer water being taken to the abyss by the Meridional Overturning Circulation, while the surface and near surface water would have remained colder. This analysis is consistent with observational reports that the North Atlantic Drift has accelerated; but contrary to analyses that suggest large melt water pools would have the opposite effect. Further, no study has examined correlation between surface OHC and Greenland ice melts. So while this seems like an obvious explanation, I cannot be entirely confident that it is correct. I would certainly be interested if anybody else has better information.
       Moderator Response: TC: Tisdale graphs removed as he apparently objects to the free use of graphs he made from free data.
59486. dana1981 at 08:37 AM on 31 May 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       BMAONE23 - the fact that more heat is being stored in the deeper ocean layers, particularly 700-2000m. Notice the 0-2000m OHC data has not flattened.
59487. Peter42 at 08:22 AM on 31 May 2012
       IEA CO2 Emissions Update 2011 - the Good News and the Bad
       CBDunkerson (#9 31 May) is understandably concerned about the increased chance of delay by "political leadership" in taking action over emissions, because of fossil fuels (specifically, shale gas) continuing to be cheap. There is of course a broader picture as well, the alleviation of poverty through development for which inexpensive energy is essential. For many of the world's poor, James Hansen's "rivers of death" have actually been "rivers of life", literally, for perhaps a billion people. This is not to decry the concern CBDunkerson genuinely expresses, but it seems to me that as so often in life, we have a balancing act to perform.
59488. Tom Curtis at 08:08 AM on 31 May 2012
       2012 SkS Weekly Digest #21
       Chookmustard @7, Skeptical Science has previously discussed this general theory here, which is where you should respond to this post. The new paper differs from previous papers on this topic by: 1) Only calculating a correlation with NH, and particularly European temperatures; and 2) Calculating a correlation between temperature and the solar cycle length lagged by one solar cycle. The reason for the lag is entirely unexplained in terms of physics and seems like a device to avoid refutation. Likewise the use of NH only temperatures, which is tantamount to an assumption that Northern Hemisphere, but not Southern Hemisphere, temperatures are influenced by the Sun. By making these two unphysical assumptions, it seems the authors are indulging in pure curve fitting. We might just as well believe that global temperatures are controlled by 11 year lagged hem length: Finally, there is an unaccounted for discrepancy between solar cycle lengths as reported in earlier papers, notably Thejll and Lassen, 1999 (PDF), and that reported in the most recent paper.
59489. BMAONE23 at 07:43 AM on 31 May 2012
       Modeled and Observed Ocean Heat Content - Is There a Discrepancy?
       Please help me to understand something about this. If CO2 is the Heating Culprit, and CO2 is still rising, what exactly is causing the 0-700m layer to flatten out like it has since 2003? As showin in Tom's post above
59490. scaddenp at 07:16 AM on 31 May 2012
       It hasn't warmed since 1998
       Also missing is the other important question. Given the strong internal variation, what is the shortest time period over which the predicted warming trend could be detected? Estimates are somewhere around 17-20 years unless you strip out some of the known natural variability like Foster and Rahmstorf did. So your statement "According to the latest HadCRUT4 data, there is no statistically significant increase in temperature (0.083C/dec +/-0.172C/dec)" applies to which period exactly?
59491. bratisla at 05:49 AM on 31 May 2012
       In Search Of: Himalayan Ice Loss
       Just a quick and not very significant correction : the main author of the Nature GRACE paper is Thomas Jacob, not Jacobs. As for the discrepancy, after some discussion with him it is still unclear - he assured me it cannot come from the crust depth correction, and this is believable since they were able to clean the signal from post-glacial rebound effects. Maybe it's because they left out areas with less than 100 km² of ice ?
59492. Composer99 at 04:40 AM on 31 May 2012
       2012 SkS Weekly Digest #21
       North Carolina is apparently channeling the (potentially apocryphal) spirit of Canute (without the subsequent humility).
59493. CBDunkerson at 04:34 AM on 31 May 2012
       IEA CO2 Emissions Update 2011 - the Good News and the Bad
       The IEA 'World Energy Outlook 2011' from which the CO2 figures above are derived also predicts a coming 'golden age of gas'. Basically, hydraulic fracturing has increased the amount of cheap natural gas available to such an extent that grid electricity prices have started coming down... due both to switchover from coal to natural gas AND falling coal prices as demand is taken away by gas. So, the 'golden age' introduced by the 'new technology' of fracking could reverse the long trend of rising fossil fuel electricity costs... just as solar power was on the verge of reaching widespread grid parity. Most of the 'new technologies' for extracting hard to get at fossil fuels come with significantly higher price tags that would have let solar overtake them... but not so fracking. There are large deposits of shale gas all around the world and now we have an inexpensive way to get at them. Until now I thought solar grid parity was going to set a limit on CO2 accumulations. Now it seems like we're going to have to hope for some unknown new technology breakthrough, or responsible global political leadership (ha!). Otherwise the limit will be set by global warming itself in a hundred years or so when people finally respond to the increasing severity of the problem. Running out of cheap fossil fuels seems like it is off the table for decades to come... and that's very very bad news.
59494. arch stanton at 03:51 AM on 31 May 2012
       In Search Of: Himalayan Ice Loss
       Thank you mspelto and Daniel Bailey for a very clear explanation of the situation. Unfortunatly, your explanation has lots of words and way too many references to appeal to some of the folks that frequent some of the over-amped blogs out there which thrive on cherry picking and quote mining. For the benefit of those that may prefer their arguments to be more concise, sensational and to rely less on science and math, please allow me to present the following “proof” of global warming: Mount Everest West Ridge – not enough snow to climb - May 15, 2012

       “But, Anker notes, “In 1963 they were in knee-deep snow in the Hornbein Couloir. We would have had blue ice and then two pitches where it was completely melted out.”

       < /distilled cherries>
       Moderator Response: [DB] Thank you, Arch. This post will form the basis for the Advanced Rebuttal to the climate myth "Himalayan glaciers are growing". The Basic and Intermediate versions of this post will then be drafted as soon as time permits.
59495. Rob Honeycutt at 03:06 AM on 31 May 2012
       Models are unreliable
       Ben Santer has an interesting lecture where he discusses climate modeling HERE. Santer states that no model is perfect, they're good but not perfect. He says that some models are better than other models, but ensembles of the models is better than any given model. And they also find that ensemble models that are weighted for the better individual models perform even better than that. And you have to realize, the models are not being put out there without checking them against empirical results. They, in fact, are tested against actual results, but as Dikran says, it takes a long time to test the models against the broad, long term climatic response to forcing. What I think is going on in the media and the blogs is, it's a meme that plays on people's lack of understanding of a complex science. It's the "hey, they can't even predict the weather next week" idea, which is a completely false analogy. So, people get the idea that climate change is all based on models and models don't even work. It's the mother of all red herrings in the climate debate.
       Moderator Response: TC: I think Clyde has more than sufficient responses to his comments now. Any further responses before he responds would by "dogpiling", and hence in contravention of the comments policy. In order to to avoid overwhelming Clyde with weight of respondents rather than weight of argument, I also request that only Bob Loblaw and Jim Eager respond to his future posts, unless they wish to deffer to some other person.
59496. Bernard J. at 00:46 AM on 31 May 2012
       New research from last week 21/2012
       I must say, I am really enjoying the convenience of having these nuggets collated here in one weekly thread, when I spread myself too thin with other things to find such papers for myself. I've thanked you before, but I'll say thanks again. On a completely off-topic point, and acknowledging that it is not really a part of SkS's remit, might it be possible to post a small thread about the impending transit of Venus? It'll be the last one that anyone alive today will ever see, and there's a lot of astronomical history attached - I reckon that it would be nice to draw attention to it for people to 'appreciate', in case they'd like to observe the event itself.
59497. Dikran Marsupial at 00:32 AM on 31 May 2012
       CO2 has a short residence time
       Martin, Abell & Braselton ("Modern Differential Equations", Saunders College Publishing, 1996) on page 72, say that a first order linear d.e. can be written in the form dy/dx + p(x)y = q(x) The d.e. defining the one-box model in my paper dC/dt = F_i^0 - k_eC - F_e^0 is of that form, where y = C x = t p(x) = k_e = constant q(x) = F_i^0 - F_e^0 = constant As the one box model exhibits an adjustment time that it much longer than its residence time, but is described by a linear d.e., then AFAICS this establishes that the conjecture is false. Non-linearity is not required for the adjustment time to be longer than the residence time.
59498. Bernard J. at 00:25 AM on 31 May 2012
       IEA CO2 Emissions Update 2011 - the Good News and the Bad
       Using the data available at Mikeh1's link at #7, and using the emissions value for 2012, one can roughly calculate the number of tons of carbon per person remaining to be burned before the planet reaches a total of one trillion tons emitted. If one assumes that the carbon will be allocated only to the 7 billion people currently living, we can burn a whisker over 1428 tons each before we need to stop. For the 750 billion ton limit the figure is 1071 tons. If we share the carbon equally amongst 8 billion people the figures are 1250 and 937 tones respectively, and if we generously allocate the carbon to 9 billion people it is 1111 and 833 tons of carbon per person, respectively. Consider how much carbon the average Westerner currently uses per annum - a round figure of 25 tons or so. Consider the future generations who would be necessarily excluded from using carbon in this manner. Consider how little effort we have made thus far to wean ourselves from our carbon addiction. Perhaps we should all be given carbon ration cards, and told to live our lives with the strict proviso that we get not a gram more than we're allocated, unless we buy it legitimately from others. This would bring cap-and-trade right to the front doorstep - now wouldn't that get people off their butts to reorganise how they energise their lifestyles? Sadly, for many, the answer is "probably not".
59499. DSL at 00:02 AM on 31 May 2012
       Models are unreliable
       And, finally, Clyde, remember that any claim you make contrary to these computer models must be based on a model itself. It may be your intuition, or it may be someone else's computer model, but it's still a model. Unless, of course, you give voice to thoughts which have no rational origin, and I don't think you'd admit to that (or your admission wouldn't mean anything if it were true). Thus, just saying "models suck" is not good enough. You need to be able to defend your own model (or the model you currently accept) against the IPCC's model set, or you're just barking loudly without any teeth.
59500. DSL at 23:53 PM on 30 May 2012
       It hasn't warmed since 1998
       Peter42, if your basic question is "what would convince me that non-significant or no warming is taking place," then the answer is "non-significant or no warming taking place." If, instead, you're asking about AGW fundamentals, then I'd have to be provided with a comprehensive physical model that did not allow CO2/H20/et al. to absorb and emit within the range at which the sun-warmed surface of the Earth emits, and one which did not allow cooler "objects" to radiate toward warmer "objects." Absent that alternative model, anthropogenic global warming must be taking place. Is some cooling factor countering the warming? Perhaps, but that doesn't mean the GHG factor has stopped doing its thing. If insolation drops and aerosols increase, both providing overwhelming cooling effects, does that mean that AGW is not occurring? No. The warming--or, as some semantic trolls like to have it, "the slowing of cooling"--is still occurring, even when the temperature is trending down. That's what Foster & Rahmstorf (2011) partially addresses. Strip away the major cooling/warming factors (solar, ENSO, volcanic) other than GHG, and what do you have left?

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